Bi6882 Biomarkers and toxicity mechanisms

Přírodovědecká fakulta
podzim 2016
Rozsah
2/0/0. 2 kr. (plus ukončení). Ukončení: zk.
Vyučující
prof. RNDr. Luděk Bláha, Ph.D. (přednášející)
Sergio Jarque Ortiz, Ph.D. (cvičící), prof. RNDr. Luděk Bláha, Ph.D. (zástupce)
Garance
prof. RNDr. Luděk Bláha, Ph.D.
RECETOX – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: prof. RNDr. Luděk Bláha, Ph.D.
Dodavatelské pracoviště: RECETOX – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Rozvrh
Po 19. 9. až Ne 18. 12. St 14:00–15:50 D29/252-RCX1
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je nabízen i studentům mimo mateřské obory.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
At the end of the course students will be able to:
- understand major mechanisms of effects of foreign compounds in the organisms and the applications as the biomarkers.
- define the most important biochemical and cellular processes involved in genotoxic as well as non-genotoxic effects.
- recognize and classify major classes of xenobiotics with the focus on major classes of environmental contaminants, newly emerging cytostatic and chemoprotective drugs.
- discuss and interprete biochemical markers of susceptibility, exposure and effects.
- use experimental methods of in vivo and in vitro biomarkers.
- know examples of practical applications of biomarkers in toxicology, ecotoxicology, and molecular epidemiology
Osnova
  • 1. Mechanisms of toxicity and biomarkers - introduction to effects of xenobiotics in organisms, toxokinetics and toxodynamics. Effects at different organismal levels - importance of biochemical processes. Biomarkers of exposure, effects and susceptibility. 2. Major classification of adverse effects (genotoxicity vs. non-genotoxic mechanisms, organ specific toxicity). Approaches and principles of the studies in vivo and in vitro. 3. Metabolims of xenobiotics. Drug-metabolising enzymes, activation and detoxication. Cytochromes P450 - classes, polymorphism, induction and toxicological importance. Enzymes of phase II of biotransformations. Antioxidant compounds and processes. Biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility. 4. Genotoxic effects. DNA and its importance, mutations and other adverse chemically induced genotoxic effects. Strategies, possibilities and methods of genotoxicity testing. Genotoxicity of xenobiotics in risk assessment. Biomarkers of exposure and effects. 5. General cytotoxicity - necrosis. Common mechanisms of toxicity in cells, adverse effects in energy metabolism, toxicity to biomembranes, specific mechanisms of cytotoxicity. Methods and studies of cytotoxicity in vitro. 7. Programmed cell death - apoptosis. Importance of apoptosis, controling, possibilities of model modulations of basic processes. Inhibition of apoptosis - an important mechanism of toxicity of xenobiotics. 8. Cell proliferation, modulations of signal transductions, cell cycle. Major processes of non-genotoxic carcinogenesis, transformation and clonal expansion, inhibition of intercellular communication (GJIC). Chemically induced carcinogenesis. 9. Methods for detection and studies of non-genotoxic mechanisms. Dioxin like toxicitz, estrogenicity, other mechanisms of endocrine disruption, activation of signalling pathways, oxidative stress, modulation of cell proliferation. Use as biomarkers of exposure and effects. 10. Neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. Examples and importance of toxic effects, relations of organ-specific toxicity to common biochemical mechanisms of toxic effects. Case studies and methods, specific biomarkers in vivo. 11. Toxicity mechanisms of major xenobiotics: PAHs, PCBs, PCDD/Fs, organochlorine contaminants, detergents, inorganic pollutants, cytostatic and chemoprotective drugs.
Literatura
  • MacGregor J.T. et al.: Strategies and testing methods for identifying mutagenic risks. Mutation Research 455, 3-20, 2000.
  • PREEDY, V.R. a V.B. PATEL. General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications (Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications). Springer, 2015. info
  • KEWAL, K.J. The Handbook of Biomarkers. Humana Press, 2015. info
  • Nuclear receptors. Edited by Margaret K. Bates - Regina M. Kerr. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science, 2011, xiii, 185. ISBN 9781620819715. info
  • JANOŠEK, Jaroslav, Klára HILSCHEROVÁ, Luděk BLÁHA a Ivan HOLOUBEK. Environmental xenobiotics and nuclear receptors-Interactions, effects and in vitro assessment. Toxicology in vitro. 2005, roč. 20, č. 1, s. 18-37. ISSN 0887-2333. info
Výukové metody
Lectures (weekly), supported by e-learning materials in the IS.MUNI.CZ system
Metody hodnocení
The evaluation is based on (i) final written test - 10 open questions (50% success required as minimum), followed by (ii) oral examination (2 broader questions, which test the ability of students to independently think and express themselves). The weights of the written test and oral examination are 70:30%.
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Další komentáře
Studijní materiály
Předmět je vyučován každoročně.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích jaro 2008 - akreditace, jaro 2011 - akreditace, jaro 2003, jaro 2004, jaro 2005, jaro 2006, jaro 2007, jaro 2008, jaro 2009, jaro 2010, jaro 2011, jaro 2012, jaro 2012 - akreditace, jaro 2013, jaro 2014, podzim 2014, podzim 2015, podzim 2017, podzim 2018.