STFA072 Pharmacology

Faculty of Medicine
Autumn 2003
Extent and Intensity
2/2.5/0. 16 credit(s). Type of Completion: RZk (examination).
Teacher(s)
prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. Eva McCaskey Hadašová, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. MUDr. PhDr. Jan Kovařík, DrSc. (lecturer), prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc. (deputy)
prof. MUDr. Jiří Vítovec, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. Dr. Hans Armin Dieterich (lecturer), prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc. (deputy)
prof. Dr. F. Saborowski (lecturer), prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc. (deputy)
Ing. Pavel Musil (lecturer)
PharmDr. Miroslav Dostálek, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
prof. MUDr. Eva McCaskey Hadašová, CSc. (seminar tutor)
doc. Mgr. MVDr. Leoš Landa, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Jana Nováková, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Jana Pistovčáková, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Mgr. Karel Šlais, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
MUDr. Jana Unar Vinklerová, Ph.D., MBA (seminar tutor)
Guaranteed by
Contact Person: prof. MUDr. Alexandra Šulcová, CSc.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Syllabus
  • AUTUMN SEMESTER
  • LECTURES
  • 1. Introduction to pharmacology. The scope and historical development of modern pharmacology, its position in the system of medical education.
  • 2. Basic pharmacological terms, definitions. Types of pharmacotherapy and drug effects. Therapeutic Index. Teratogenic drug effects.
  • 3. Drug delivery approaches, routes of administration, prolonged release preparations. Mechanisms of drug action, non-specific, specific.
  • 4. Classical receptors and ligand binding. Receptor subtypes, autoreceptors, heteroreceptors.
  • 5. Concentration-response relationship. Pharmacokinetic principles. Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
  • 6. Purposeful pharmacotherapy. Importance of the pharmacological anamnesis, monitoring of drug therapy, risks of pharmacotherapy.
  • 7. Drug therapy in children, general principles, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic peculiaritis. Pharmacotherapy in neonates.
  • 8. Pharmacogenetics. Combined drug effects.
  • 9. Physiological and pathological factors influencing drug effects. Changes of drug effects after the repeated administration. Quantitative and qualitative deviations in drug effects, hypo-, and hyperergic reactions, allergy.
  • 10. Adverse drug effects. Toxic responses. The management of poisoning.
  • 11. Autonomic nervous system, mediators, overview. Adrenergic mediation, alfa and beta sympatomimetics. Directly and indirectly acting sympatolytics. Pharmacology of alfa2 pre- and postsynaptic receptors.
  • 12. Cholinergic mediation. Directly acting parasympatomimetics, inhibitors of cholinesterase. Parasympatolytics. Ganglion blocking drugs. Myorelaxants. Pharmacology of the autonomic Enteric Nervous System.
  • 13. Drug discovery and development, preclinical and clinical examination and evaluation. Regulation and guidelines for "Good Clinical Practice".
  • 14. Pharmacotherapy of neoplastic diseases. Indications, combinative treatment approaches, adverse effects.
  • SEMINARS
  • 1. I. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF PHARMACOLOGY Contents and organisation of practical courses. Pharmacological calculations. Latin terminology in the drug prescription. II. GENERAL RULES OF THE DRUG PRESCRIPTION Pharmacopea. Writing prescriptions. Elements of the drug prescription. Prescription of individual and manufactured preparations. Drug incompatibilities.
  • 2. I. SURVEY OF DRUG DOSAGE FORMS. Terminology, classification. SOLID AND MELTING DRUG DOSAGE FORMS. Powders for external and internal use, capsules, tablets, species, suppositories, ointments, pastes, plasters - composition, prescription. II. GASEOUS DRUG DOSAGE FORMS. DRUG DOSOLOGY IN PAEDIATRICS. TRANSPORT OF DRUGS ACROSS BIOLOGICAL BARRIERS.
  • 3. I. FLUID DRUG DOSAGE FORMS FOR THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL USE. Solutions for oral administration, drops and tinctures, injections and intravenous infusions. Application and rinse solutions; eye, ear and nose lotions, suspensions, aerodispersions - composition and prescription. II. INTRODUCTION TO THE EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacological experiments. Laboratory animals. Protocol. Experiments: PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY Dependence of drug effects on the route and concentration of the administered solution.
  • 4. I. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHARMACOKINETICS. Basic pharmacokinetic processes and parameters. One- and two-compartment kinetic models. Kinetics of the intravascular and extravascular drug administration. Practical pharmacokinetic calculations. II. PRACTICAL PHARMACOKINETIC COMPUTATIONS. Computer technique in pharmacokinetics. Computer-aided optimalisation of drug dosage schedules. Calculations of the basic pharmacokinetic parameters using the programme MW PHARM.
  • 5. I. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM I. Terminology, receptors, agonists and antagonists. Adrenergic and adrenoceptor-blocking drugs. II. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE AUTHONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM II. Cholinergic receptors, cholinergic and cholinoceptor- blocking drugs. CREDITS
  • SPRING SEMESTER LECTURES 1. Analgesics, mechanisms of morphine and acetylsalicylic acid effects. Pain control in selected states. Nicotin, side effects, toxicity, clinical problems. Therapy and prevention of nicotinism.
  • 2. Nootropics. Anti-Parkinson pharmacotherapy, (dopaminergic drugs, central anticholinergic drugs). Drugs used in Alzheimer`s disease and other states of dementia.
  • 3. Antipsychotics, treatment of psychosis, undesirable effects. Drugs for affective (mood) disorders, Ist - III. (IV.)rd generations of antidepressants, anti-manic drugs.
  • 4. Anti-infective agents. Basic strategies of antimicrobial therapy, uses in pediatrics, during pregnancy and lactation, in patients with organ disorders.
  • 5. Drugs affecting coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation
  • 6. Antihypertensives. Diuretics, antiadrenergics, vasodilatators, combinative pharmacotherapy.
  • 7. Anti-anginal agents (nitrites, beta-adrenergic blockers, calcium entry blockers). Lipid lowering agents (bile acid ion-exchange resins, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, fibric acid derivates, nicotinic acid, others).
  • 8. Pharmacotherapy of heart failure. Inotropic drugs, digitalis, amrinone, dobutamine - pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, interactions, management of overdosage. Present standard of pharmacotherapy in patients with heart failure.
  • 9. Pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrythmias. I.A - affecting membrane functions, quinidine-like effects; I..B - affecting mebrane functions, with anesthetic effects; I.C - lorcainide, flecainide, propafenone; II. - beta-blockers; III. - increasing APD; IV. - calcium channel antagonists.
  • SEMINARS 1. I. ANALGESICS Opioid and nonopioid analgesics. Pharmacotherapy of pain. Prescription and practical use of analgesic preparations. II. NON-STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS, DRUGS USED IN GOUT Mechanisms of action and classification of antiinflammatory and antirheumatic drugs (NSAIDs and second-line agents). Drugs used in therapy of gout. Prescriptions of topical antiinflammatory drugs and preparations used in dermatology.
  • 2. I. PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS Classification and terminology of psychotropics. Pharmacology of anxiolytics and hypnosedatives. Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines. Work with PC - Microlabs, antidepressants. Prescription of hypnosedatives and psychostimulants II. GENERAL ANESTHETICS Combined and balanced anesthesia. Signs and stages of general anesthesia. Inhaled and injected anesthetics - classification and characteristics. Experiments: - I.V. anesthesia with thiopental in rabbit - Comparison of the CNS inhibition induced by general anesthetics and neuroleptics in mice
  • 3. I. REVISING TEST I (Overhead-test with subsequent discussion) H1-ANTIHISTAMINES Histamine: pathophysiological role, H1- H2 - H3 receptors. Classification and clinical use of H1-antihistamines. Prescription of drugs acting in GIT disorders II. ANTIASTHMATICS Pathophysiology of bronchial asthma, sites and mechanisms of action of antiasthmatic drugs. Prescription of antitussives, expectorants, antiasthmatics.
  • 4. I. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS Classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, combinations of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. II. ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS AND ANTIVIROTICS Sulphonamides, drugs acting in intestinal and urinary infections, antivirotic therapy.
  • 5. I. TEST: PRESCRIPTIONS OF DRUGS ACTING IN CNS, RESPIRATORY AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (classified) LOCAL ANESTHETICS Mechanism of action, classification, practical use and prescription. Experiments: - Corneal anesthesia in rabbits. - Intensity and duration of effect of selected local anesthetics in the guinea-pig. II. SURFACE-ACTIVE DRUGS Disinfectans, antiseptics, antifungal agents, other surface-active drugs. Prescription and use of selected surface-active and stomatological preparations.
  • 6. I. REVISING TEST II (Overhead-test with subsequent discussion) GLUCOCORTICOIDS Natural and synthetic adrenocorticosteroids, receptors, mechanism of action, pharmacological use and side effects. II. PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTICANCER DRUGS. IMMUNOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES. Classification, mechanisms of action, clinical use of anticancer agents. Immunomodulation, imunosuppression.
  • 7. FINAL PRESCRIPTION TEST (classified) I. ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS. IDDM and NIDDM, principles of treatment. Insulin and its receptors. Insulin preparations, oral antidiabetics. II. DRUGS USED IN ULCER DISEASE, ANTIEMETICS. Classification, mechanisms of action and clinical use of drugs in therapy of peptic ulcer and vomiting.
  • 8. I. FINAL REVISING TEST (Overhead-test III, classified) Substitution tests. Computer technique in simulation of drug effects. CREDITS
Literature
  • Lincová: Základní a aplikovaná farmakologie
  • HADAŠOVÁ, Eva, Jana NOVÁKOVÁ, Jana PISTOVČÁKOVÁ, Jana VINKLEROVÁ, Alexandra ŠULCOVÁ and Olga ZELENKOVÁ. Praktická cvičení z farmakologie (Practical Lessons on Pharmacology). 1. vydání. Brno: Masarykova univerzita v Brně, 2001, 97 pp. Skripta. ISBN 80-210-2694-4. info
  • ZELENKOVÁ, Olga and Alexandra ŠULCOVÁ. Speciální stomatologická receptura pro praktická cvičení z farmakologie (Special stomatological prescriptions for practicals in pharmacology). 2. přepracované vydání. Brno: Masarykova univerzita v Brně, 2000, 30 pp. ISBN 80-210-2433-X. info
  • ŠULCOVÁ, Alexandra. Poznámky k přednáškám z farmakologie. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1993, 97 s. ISBN 80-210-0640-4. info
Assessment methods (in Czech)
Výuka probíhá dvousemestrálně, formou přednášek (kontinuálně po celý semestr) a cvičení (blokově), vše je povinné. Ukončení - rigorózní zkouška složená ze 2 částí: I. praktická část -preskripce léků, II. teoretická část - ústní projev, student si vylosuje 1 trojotázku a písemný projev, multivýběrový test.
SYLABUS POŽADOVANÉ LÁTKY KE ZKOUŠCE Z FARMAKOLOGIE
Obecná farmakologie
Definice, Pharmacopoea, léková preskripce.
Způsoby aplikace léků, absorpce, distribuce, biotransformace, exkrece, základy farmakokinetiky.
Farmakodynamika, specifické a nespecifické mechanismy účinků léků, receptorová teorie účinků léků, vztah dávka-účinek a koncentrace-účinek, racionální a neracionální lékové kombinace.
Farmakogenetika.
Nežádoucí účinky léků, toxické vedlejší účinky, alergické reakce, sekundární vedlejší účinky, látková závislost.
Lékové interakce, farmakodynamické interakce, farmakokinetické interakce, interakce mezi složkami potravy a léky.
Vývoj nového léku, klinické pokusy.
Obecné zásady terapie otrav.
Speciální farmakologie
Psychoaktivní látky, neuroleptika, antidepresiva, trankvilizéry, psychostimulancia, nootropika, psychotomimetika, hypnosedativa, anorektika.
Analgetika. Opioidy, nenarkotická analgetika. Nesteroidní antiflogistika.
Celková a lokální anestetika.
Myorelaxancia. Antikonvulsiva, antiepileptika.
Antiparkinsonika. Antiemetika.
Ganglioplegika.
Léky ovlivňující sympatický nervový systém, přímá a nepřímá sympatomimetika, selektivní a neselektivní antagonisti adrenergních receptorů, sympatolytika.
Látky ovlivňující parasympatický nervový systém, přímá a nepřímá cholinergika, parasymaptolytika.
Hormony hypothalamu, hypofýzy, štítné žlázy, antithyreoidální látky, insulin, perorální antidiabetika, antihypoglykemika, glukokortikoidy, mineralokortikoidy, estrogeny, antiestrogeny, progestiny, hormonální antikoncepce, androgeny, antiandrogeny, anabolika, ikosanoidy, tokolytika.
Histamin, H1, H2 antihistaminika.
Krevní náhrady, hemostatika, antikoagulancia.
Hypolipidemika.
Kardiotonika, antiarytmika, antianginosní látky, antihypertensiva, diuretika, antidiuretika.
Antiastmatika, antitusika, expektorancia.
Acida a digestiva, antacida, látky snižující motilitu GIT, prokinetika, laxancia, choleretika a cholekinetika.
Kontrastní látky.
Vitamíny.
Antiinfekční látky, antibiotika, antituberkulotika, antimykotika, antimalarika, sulfonamidy, chemoterapeutika.
Imunomodulancia, imunosupresiva.
Chemoterapeutika nádorových onemocnění, blokátory mitosy, alkylační činidla, antimetabolity, ostatní cytostatika, antibiotika, hormony, radioaktivní isotopy.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: in blocks.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2000, Autumn 2001, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2003, recent)
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