LF:aVLFA0721p Pharmacology I - lecture

aVLFA0721p Pharmacology I - lecture

Faculty of Medicine
autumn 2022

Extent and Intensity

2/0/0. 2 credit(s). Type of Completion: k (colloquium).

Teacher(s)

Guaranteed by

doc. MUDr. Regina Demlová, Ph.D.
Department of Pharmacology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: doc. Mgr. MVDr. Leoš Landa, Ph.D.
Supplier department: Department of Pharmacology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine

Timetable

Mon 12. 9. to Wed 5. 10. Wed 15:00–16:40 B22/116 aula, Wed 19. 10. to Wed 21. 12. Wed 15:00–16:40 B22/116 aula

Prerequisites (in Czech)

aVLPF0622p Pathophysiology II - lecture && aVLPA0622c Pathology II - practice

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

General Medicine (programme LF, M-GM)
General Medicine (eng.) (programme LF, M-VL)

Course objectives

The aims of the course are:
to explain the basic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic processes and principles
to explain the basic principles of therapy of intoxications
to describe the factors that influence the drug effect

Learning outcomes

Student after the course:
knows basic pharmacodynamic principles
knowns basic pharmacokinetic principles
knows basic factors that influence the effect of drugs
is able to suggest therapeutic measures in case of drug intoxication

Syllabus

aVLFA0721p - Pharmacology I - Lectures

General medicine

Autumn semester 2022
1. PHARMACOLOGY AND ITS SUB-BRANCHES (14. 9. 2022)
Definition of pharmacology and its sub-branches of pharmacology. Drug, medical product – basic pharmacological terminology. Sources of research and development of new drugs. Principles of correct drug use – types of pharmacotherapy and rational pharmacotherapy.
2. ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION, OVERVIEW OF DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (21. 9. 2022)
Classification and overview of drug dosage forms for ready-made production and individual preparation. Drug dosage forms with controlled release. Classification of routes of administration.
3. DRUG DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE, BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPY (28. 9. 2022)
Drug discovery. Preclinical and clinical drug testing. Marketing authorisation. Basic technologies of biologics production, their classification.
4. PHARMACOKINETICS I (5. 10. 2022)
General principles of drug's fate in the organism. Overview of the basic pharmacokinetic processes and parameters.
5. PHARMACOKINETICS II (12. 10. 2022)
Single, continual and repeated drug administration. Principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. Compartment models. Fundamentals of population pharmacokinetics.
6. PHARMACODYNAMICS (19. 10. 2022)
Mechanisms of drug effects – classification, examples. Receptor theory – types of ligands and receptors. Change in drug effect after repeated administration.
7. FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG'S EFFECTS (26. 10. 2022)
Classification, overview and examples of factors affecting drug effects. Fundamentals of pharmacogenetics.
8. PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND DRUG'S SAFETY (2. 11. 2022)
Adverse effects of drugs - classification and characteristics. Pharmacovigilance in clinical research and practice. Therapeutic index, therapeutic range. Drug anamnesis, polypharmacy and introduction to drug interactions.
9. PHARMACOLOGY OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - INTRODUCTION, SYMPATHOTROPIC DRUGS (9. 11. 2022)
Overview of pharmacology of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system – neurotransmission, receptors. Basic indications of substances affecting sympathetic NS.
10. PHARMACOLOGY OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - CHOLINERGIC DRUGS, SPASMOLYTIC DRUGS, MYORELAXANTS (16. 11. 2022)
Basic indications of substances affecting parasympathetic NS. Definition and use of spasmolytic and myorelaxant drugs.
11. ANALGESICS, PHARMACOTHERAPY OF GOUT (23. 11. 2022)
Classification of analgesic drugs. Basic pharmacological characteristics and examples of opioid analgesics, NSAIDs and analgesics-antipyretics. Therapy of pain, co-analgesics. Therapy of gout.
12. GLUCOCORTICOIDS, MINERALOCORTICOIDS, IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY - IMMUNOMODULATORS, TARGETED TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, DRUGS USED FOR TREATMENT OF HYPO/HYPERTHYROIDISM (30. 11. 2022)
Overview of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids for both local and systemic administration, therapeutic use. Overview of drugs affecting the immune system - classification, therapeutic use, basic pharmacological characteristics. Drugs used in diseases of the thyroid gland.
13. THERAPY OF DISEASES WITH CHRONIC BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION, H1-ANTIHISTAMINES (7. 12. 2022)
Effects of histamine and possibilities of its antagonization. Classification of antihistamines, drugs used for the treatment of diseases with chronic bronchial obstruction.
14. PHARMACOTHERAPY OF DIABETES MELLITUS (14. 12. 2022)
Insulins and anti-diabetic drugs – classification and basic pharmacological characteristics.
15. PHARMACOLOGY OF HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY HORMONES AND SEX HORMONES (21. 12. 2022)
FSH and LH analogues and antagonists. Oestrogens, antioestrogens, gestagens, antigestagens, androgens, antiandrogens basic pharmacological characteristics (classification, basic substances, therapeutic indications/contraindications, adverse effects).

Literature

required literature

RITTER, James, R. J. FLOWER, Graeme HENDERSON, Yoon Kong LOKE, David J. MACEWAN and H. P. RANG. Rang and Dale's pharmacology. Ninth edition. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2020, xvi, 789. ISBN 9780702074486. info
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1160493&lang=cs&site=ehost-live
Practicals in Pharmacology, 2009, Náhradní obsah: http://portal.med.muni.cz/article-491-practicals-in-pharmacology.html

recommended literature

Pharmaceutical practice. Edited by Judith A. Rees - Ian Smith - Jennie Watson. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2014, xvii, 552. ISBN 9780702051432. info
WHALEN, Karen. Pharmacology. Edited by Richard Finkel - Thomas A. Panavelil. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, xi, 664. ISBN 9781451191776. info

not specified

Waller, Derek - Renwick, Andrew G. - Hillier, Keith. Medical pharmacology and therapeutics. 3rd ed. New York : Elsevier Saunders, 2009. ix, 744 p. ISBN 0-7020-2991-2.
Ritter, James M. - Lewis, Lionel D. - Mant, Timothy G.K. - Ferro, Albert. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 5th Ed., Hodder Arnold, 2008. 465 s. ISBN 978-0-340-90046-8
Pharmacology. Edited by Michelle Alexia Clark. 5th ed. Baltimore: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012, xii, 612. ISBN 9781451113143. info

Bookmarks

https://is.muni.cz/ln/tag/LF:aVLFA0721p!

Teaching methods

Lectures will provide theoretical background. The lectures are followed by practical exercises. The lectures discuss the basic issues of the subject. This knowledge is further deepened via specific practical tasks in exercises. According to the syllabi, materials for self-study and preparation will be available in the study materials for each topic, including references to the relevant chapters in the textbook.textbook.

Assessment methods

Colloquium - ROPOT test - 40 multiple-choice questions with 3 - 5 answer options. The number of correct answers is given.

Student gets 2 points for each completely correct answer, i.e. maximum 80 points for the whole multiple-choice test. Time limit: 45 min. The MCQ test can be repeated only twice.

To pass the colloquium successfully the student has to obtain at least 48 points.

Language of instruction

English

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 30.

Listed among pre-requisites of other courses

Teacher's information

LIST OF QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAM (at the end of spring semester)

General pharmacology:

1. Pharmacology, sub-branches, origin of drugs, drug names. • 2. Types of pharmacotherapy, rules of rational and safe pharmacotherapy. The question of drug misuse. • 3. Preclinical and clinical trials, stages. • 4. Basic legislation related to drug use, Sources of information on drugs and medicinal products. • 5. Solid and gaseous pharmaceutical drug dosage forms - overview and their influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. • 6. Semi-solid and liquid pharmaceutical drug dosage forms - overview and their influence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. • 7. Routes of drug administration – overview, characteristics. • 8. Drug absorption, presystemic elimination, drug bioavailability. • 9. Drug distribution, volume of distribution, redistribution. General principles of drug movement through the body. • 10. Drug elimination, processes of the first and zero order, drug accumulation. • 11. Drug biotransformation – stages, examples. • 12. Drug excretion (ways of excretion, possibilities of their influence). • 13. Therapeutic monitoring of drugs (TDM). • 14. Pharmacokinetics of single, repeated and continual drug administration. • 15. Modes of drug action • 16. Inhibition and induction of enzymes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs – examples. • 17. Synergism and antagonism in drug effect (pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics). • 18. Dose – response curves, types of doses, drug anamnesis, patient‘s adherence. • 19. Adverse drug reactions (types, categories, examples). • 20. Pharmacovigilance, drug safety. • 21. Influence of repeated administration on drug efficacy - examples of tolerance and tachyphylaxis. Primary resistance of the patient to the treatment. • 22. Factors influencing the drug effect – examples. • 23. Pharmacotherapy in elderly, the influence of co-morbidities on drug effect, polypharmacy. • 24. Pharmacotherapy in paediatric population, in breastfeeding women. Drugs influencing breast feeding. • 25. Pharmacotherapy in pregnancy, drug teratogenicity. • 26. Pharmacogenetics, influence of genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. • 27. Drug interactions - overview, examples. • 28. Principles of biological treatment – classification, technology, examples of clinical use.

Special pharmacology:

1. Sympathomimetics - overview of single classes and their indications, examples of drugs • 2. Sympatholytics - overview of single classes and their indications, examples of drugs • 3. Cholinomimetics • 4. Cholinolytics • 5. Antispasmodics - GIT + UGT • 6. Opioid analgesics • 7. NSAIDs, non-opioid analgesics, antimigraine agents • 8. Antiuratics, antirheumatics incl. DMARDs • 9. General anaesthetics • 10. Local anaesthetics • 11. Muscle relaxants • 12. Antidiabetics (except insulins) • 13. Insulins • 14. Analogues and antagonists of oestrogens, gestagens and androgens – their basic pharmacology; HRT, hormonal contraception • 15. Analogues and antagonists of H-P axis hormones used in pharmacology; uterotonics and tocolytics • 16. Glucocorticoids • 17. Immunostimulants + immunosuppressants (except glucocorticoids) • 18. Drugs used in osteoporosis, pharmacology of thyroid gland • 19. Antiasthmatics, drugs used in COPD • 20. Antitussives, mucoactive drugs • 21. H1 antihistamines • 22. Antipsychotics • 23. Drugs of neurogenerative diseases (Parkinson’s disease; dementia) • 24. Antidepressants - iMAO+SSRI+NDRI • 25. Antidepressants - tricyclic, NASSA, MASSA, SARI, SNRI, NARI, SMS • 26. Nootropics, cognitive enhancers • 27. Psychostimulants. Drugs used in ADHD. Psychotomimetics. • 28. Anticonvulsants • 29. Hypnosedatives, anxiolytics • 30. Principles of antibacterial therapy – overview, modes of action, resistance, MIC, MBC • 31. Penicillins, carbapenems • 32. Cephalosporines, monobactams • 33. Tetracyclines + related ATBs, amphenicoles • 34. Macrolides and related ATBs, lincosamides • 35. Aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, polymyxins • 36. Sulphonamides, nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles • 37. Quinolones, antituberculotics • 38. Antimycotics • 39. Dermatologics – overview of classes, drugs and effects • 40. Antivirotics • 41. Antiemetic drugs, prokinetics, antivertigo drugs • 42. Laxatives, antidiarrhoics, drugs of infectious diarrhoeas • 43. Antiulcer agents, hepatoprotectives and drugs influencing the production and excretion of bile • 44. Drugs for inflammatory bowel disease • 45. Alkylating cytostatics and other drugs aiming on DNA in oncology • 46. Antimetabolites + hormonal therapy in oncology • 47. Targeted treatment in oncology • 48. Biological treatment of autoimmune diseases • 49. Hypolipidaemics, anti-obesity drugs • 50. Nitrates and other vasodilators • 51. Drugs targeting RAAS • 52. Diuretics and aldosterone antagonists • 53. Beta blockers + central antihypertensives • 54. Calcium channel blockers, α1-lytics • 55. Antiarrhythmics • 56. Positive inotropic drugs • 57. Antiplatelet agents, antianaemics • 58. Fibrinolytics, antifibrinolytics, haemostatics • 59. Anticoagulants • 60. Drugs causing addiction and substances used for treatment of addiction • 61. General principles of drug poisoning, specific antidotes and their mechanisms of action • 62. Drugs used in erectile dysfunction and BHP • 63. Vitamins ADEK and hydrophilic vitamins • 64. Antiglaucomatics and cycloplegics

Essential drugs:

5-fluorouracil • acetylcysteine • acetalsalicylic acid • aciclovir • allopurinol • amiodarone • amlodipine • amphotericin B • aprepitant • atorvastatin • atropine • betahistine • buprenorphine • carbamazepine • caspofungin • cefuroxime • cetirizine • ciprofloxacin • cisplatin • clarithromycin • clopidogrel • co-amoxicillin • codeine • cotrimoxazole • cyclophosphamide • ciclosporin • cyproterone • dabigatran • desflurane • diazepam • digoxin • dobutamine • doxazosin • doxorubicin • doxycycline • empagliflozin • enoxaparin • escitalopram • ethinylestradiol • ezetimibe • famotidine • fenpiverinium/pitofenone •fentanyl • finasteride • fluconazole • furosemide • gabapentin • gentamicin • haloperidol • hexoprenaline • ibuprofen • imatinib • indapamide • indometacin • insulin analogues • interferons • ipratropium-bromide • isosorbide dinitrate • ketamine • lactulose • levodopa/carbidopa • levonorgestrel • lidocaine • linagliptin • lithium • loperamide • meropenem • metamizole • metformin • methadone • methotrexate • methyldopa • methylphenidate • metoclopramide • metoprolol • mirtazapine • morphine • naloxone • nimesulide • nivolumab • noradrenaline • olanzapine • ondansetron • oxymetazoline • oxytocin • paclitaxel • pantoprazole • paracetamol • perindopril • phenoxymethylpenicillin • pilocarpine • piperacillin/tazobactam • prednisone • propofol • rivaroxaban • rivastigmine • salbutamol • sildenafil • solifenacin • spironolactone • sumatriptan • suxamethonium • tamoxifen • telmisartan • terbinafine • tramadol • trastuzumab • valproic acid • vancomycin • verapamil • warfarin • zidovudine • zolpidem

The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2017, autumn 2018, autumn 2019, autumn 2020, autumn 2021, autumn 2023, autumn 2024.

Enrolment Statistics (autumn 2022, recent)
Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/med/autumn2022/aVLFA0721p

LF:aVLFA0721p Pharmacology I - lecture - Course Information

aVLFA0721p Pharmacology I - lecture

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