G3021 Petrography

Faculty of Science
Spring 2025
Extent and Intensity
2/2/0. 6 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
In-person direct teaching
Teacher(s)
prof. RNDr. Jaromír Leichmann, Dr. rer. nat. (lecturer)
Mgr. Tomáš Kumpan, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. David Buriánek, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
prof. RNDr. Jaromír Leichmann, Dr. rer. nat.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Ing. Jana Pechmannová
Supplier department: Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Prerequisites
! G3021k Petrography
Basic knowledge of mineralogy
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
there are 38 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display
Course objectives
The aim of the course is to acquaint the student with the overview of the basic groups of rocks. This knowledge is necessary for successful managing of related subjects of bachelor study.
Learning outcomes
At the end of this course, students should be able to characterize basic groups of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
Syllabus
  • Introduction, tasks and methods of petrological work, petrology vs. petrography, experimental petrology, applied petrography - petrography of technical substances, technical petrography and geology. Short overview of principal historic moments in the evolution of igneous petrology. The formation of magmatic rocks in the crust and mantle, physical properties of the magma, geotectonic position of igneous rocks. Temperature and pressures of the formation of igneous rocks, measurement of magma temperature. Composition, origin, and conditions of magma creation. Viscosity, diffusion, formation of crystals in the melt, degasification of the magma and causes of ebullience.
  • Differentiation and crystallisation of magma - homogenous, heterogeneous. Physico-chemical conditions of formation and ascent of igneous rocks. Rock-forming minerals of igneous rocks, their formation, division, and importance for genetic conclusions. Temperatures and pressures of the formation of rock-forming minerals: petrogenetic significance of minerals, lattice parameters as a source of information on conditions of mineral formation in rocks, colour of minerals as a source of information of mineral formation in rocks, temporal relations of mineral formation in rocks. Structures and microstructures of igneous rocks, their genetic importance. Chemical composition of igneous rocks, relation between chemical and mineral composition. Causes of differences in the composition of igneous rocks, significance of feldspars, quartz, and foids for classification of igneous rocks. Classification of igneous rocks. Geochemical criteria for distinction of igneous rocks. The rate of igneous rock formation. Criteria of tectogenesis and tectonic position of igneous and effusive rocks. The formation of ultrabasic, basic, intermediate and acidic magma, magma ascent, differentiation, crystallisation of artificial melts. Assimilation, magma mixing, xenoliths.
  • Systematic and regional petrography: Plutonic rocks: granite, granidiorite, syenite, tonalite, diorite, gabbro, peridotites, alkaline rock . Volcanic rocks: rhyolite, basalts, andesitey, phonolite, tephrite, basanite, volcanic glass, tuffs Introduction to study of sedimentary rocks - Sedimentology - historical evolution. Sedimentary petrology - basis, aims and orientation. Significance of sedimentary rocks. Main sources of sedimentary material. Relationship of sedimentary rocks to other rocks, sedimentary cycle. Comparison of magmatic and sedimentary materials. Occurrence and main types of sedimentary rocks. Methods of sedimentary petrology. Field research (terrain observation, rock description, litological study, geological mapping, sampling, measuring of boulder orientation). Laboratory research (granulometry, study of sedimentary rocks in thin sections, mineralogical analysis, determination of insoluble part of sample, cathode luminescence, fluorescent microscopy, X-ray methods, temperature analysis, infrared spectroscopy, chemical analysis, study of physical properties of sediments). Result processing (grain scales, granularity analysis, statistical data, graphical presentation).
  • Characterization and occurrence of rock-forming minerals in main types of sedimentary rocks. Textures and structures of sedimentary rocks - summary of primary types.
  • The origin of sedimentary rocks (Weathering. Transport, Sedimentation, Diagenesis of sediments). Classification and terminology of sedimentary rocks, qualitative and quantitative classification systems. Basic types of sedimentary rocks - composition, structure and petrogenesis.
  • Introduction to study of metamorphic rocks and difference betweem prograde and retrograde metamorphism. Definition of metamorphism and characteristic types of metamorphism. Factors controlling metamorphism: temperature, lithostatic stress, differential stress, fluid phases. Mineralogy and texture of metamorphic rocks. Nomenclature of metamorphic rocks. Introduction to metamorphic phase diagrams. Metamorphic field gradients and metamorphic facies.
Literature
    recommended literature
  • Raymond, L.,A., The study of igneous, sedimentary and methamorphic rocks. WCB:London 1995, 742p. ISBN 0-697-00190-3
  • TUCKER, Maurice E. Sedimentary rocks in the field : a practical guide. 4th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, xi, 275. ISBN 9780470689165. info
  • Sediments, diagenesis, and sedimentary rocks. Edited by Fred T. Mackenzie. 1st ed. Boston: Elsevier, 2005, xxi, 425. ISBN 0080448496. info
  • GREGEROVÁ, Miroslava. Poznávání hornin. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1998, 153 s. ISBN 8021018380. info
  • HALL, Anthony. Igneous petrology. 2nd ed. Essex: Longman Group, 1996, xiv, 551. ISBN 0582230802. info
  • GREGEROVÁ, Miroslava, Miloslav SUK and Dušan HOVORKA. Geochemie geologických procesů v litosféře. II. Metody a interpretace. (Geochemistry of the geological processes in the lithosphere. II. Methods and interpretations.). 1995th ed. Brno: Masarykova univerzita Brno, 1995, 148 pp. Učební texty přírodovědecké fakulty MU. ISBN 80-210-1270-6. info
  • GREGEROVÁ, Miroslava. Návrh k pojmenování a klasifikaci metamorfovaných hornin. Edited by Miloš Suk. Praha: Gabriel, 1991, 186 s. ISBN 80-900332-6-1. info
  • STANĚK, Josef and Miroslava GREGEROVÁ. Fyzikální a optické vlastnosti horninotvorných minerálů. Vyd. 1. Brno: Univerzita J.E. Purkyně, Fakulta přírodovědecká., 1984, 51 s. info
Teaching methods
lecture
Assessment methods
written exam. The student should answer several questions in form of fluent sentences
Language of instruction
Czech
Follow-Up Courses
Further Comments
Study Materials
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses

Zobrazit další předměty

The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2008 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Spring 2011 - only for the accreditation, Spring 2003, Spring 2004, Spring 2005, Spring 2006, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Spring 2010, Spring 2011, Spring 2012, spring 2012 - acreditation, Spring 2013, Spring 2014, Spring 2015, Spring 2016, Spring 2017, spring 2018, Spring 2019, Spring 2020, Spring 2021, Spring 2022, Spring 2023, Spring 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (recent)
  • Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/sci/spring2025/G3021