C1601 General and Inorganic Chemistry

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2001
Extent and Intensity
3/0/0. 4 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
doc. RNDr. Josef Novosad, CSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. RNDr. Josef Novosad, CSc.
Chemistry Section – Faculty of Science
Prerequisites
NOW( C1620 General and Inorg.Chem.-lab. )
Knowledge of chemistry on secondary school level.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
there are 21 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display
Course objectives
The course on General and Inorganic Chemistry is targeted to students of biological sciences, and does consist of two major parts. The part on general chemistry examines basic principles underlying chemistry. Topics include electronic structure of atoms, chemical bonding theories, chemical reactions along with the energy changes, and the states of matter, i.e., gases, liquids and solids. The second part (Inorganic Chemistry) provides an introduction into systematic chemistry of elements including their origin, periodicity of their properties, and general features of metals and non-metals. The main block elements are thoroughly examined while transition elements are referred briefly. Important role of selected metals in living systems is emphasized.
Syllabus
  • General chemistry 1. Basic chemistry concepts, chemical formulas, the states of matter, substances and mixtures. Subatomic particles, elements, nuclides, isotopes and isobars, atomic and molecular weights, atomic mass unit, mean relative atomic mass. 2. Atomic nucleus, mass defect (nuclear binding energy), nuclear stability, alfa-, beta-, gama-emission, natural and artificial radioactivity, Fajans-Soddy rule of displacement, nuclear reactions. 3. Wave-particle dualistic character of matter. Bohr model of the atom, emission spectra hydrogen atom, Moseley's law. 4. Wave equation and the meaning of the wave function, atomic orbital, quantum numbers, orbital shapes, energy levels and degeneration, Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's rule. 5. Atomic properties (ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity), periodic law and the system of elements, periodicity of atomic properties. 6. Chemical bonding; historical background, ionic bond, ionic radii, ionic solids, lattice energy. 7. Covalent and dative bond, overlap of atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals (MO's) and MO-LCAO method, Aufbau principle in MO's, molecular orbital diagrams for diatomic homo/heteronuclear molecules, bond polarity, bond order, the length of covalent bond, bond enthalpy. 8. Hybridization theory, types of hybridization, the shapes of molecules, VSEPR method. 9. Weak bonds (van der Waals forces, hydrogen bond), metallic bond. 10. State equation and ideal gas laws. 11. General properties of liquids, vapor pressure, boiling point. The phase diagram for water. 12. General properties of solids, crystal lattice and basic lattice types. 13. Solutions, solubility, expressing concentration of solutions, calculation of concentrations, electrolytical dissociation, strong and weak electrolytes, solvation of ions, activity and activity coefficient, precipitation and solubility product. 14. Acids and bases; Arrhenius, Brönsted-Lowery and Lewis concepts, acidity and basicity of aqueous solutions, acid strength, pH calculations, salt hydrolysis, buffers, buffer capacity. Inorganic Chemistry 1. Introduction to systematic inorganic chemistry, origin of elements and their distribution in the Universe and on the Earth. General characteristics of transition and non-transition metals, half-metals and non-metals, daltonides and berthollides. . Hydrogen and its isotopes, nuclear isomers of dihydrogen, types of binary componds. 2. Alkali metals, hydrides, oxides, peroxides, hyperoxides, ozonides, halogenide and hydroxides, oxoacids salts. Beryllium, magnesium and alkaline earth metals, hydrides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, halogenides, hydroxides, oxoacids salts, hardness of water, Grignard reagents. 3. Boron, borides, boranes, halogenides, oxides, oxoacids, borates. Aluminium and its binary compounds, hydroxides, oxoacids salts. Carbon and its allotropic forms, carbides, oxides, haloderivatives, CN-, OCN- a SCN-compounds. 4. Silicon, silanes, silicides, carbide, oxides, halogenides, oxoacids, silicates. Nitrogen, ammonia and amonnium salts, azides, oxides, oxoacids and their salts. Phosphorus, phosphanes, phosphides, oxides, sulfides, halogenides, oxoacids, their salts and derivatives. Oxygen, types and structure of oxides, water, hydrogen peroxide. 5. Sulfur, sulfane, sulfides and polysulfides, oxides, halogenides, oxoacids and their derivatives. Halogenes, hydrogen halides and halogenides, oxygen fluorides, oxides, oxoacids, their salts and derivatives. 6. Nobel gases, clathrates, xenon and krypton fluorides, oxides and xenon oxoacids. Gallium, indium and thallium, their hydrides, oxides, halogenides and hydroxides. 7. Germanium, tin, lead, their hydrides, oxides, halogenides and hydroxides. Arsenic, antimony and bismuth, their hydrides, oxides, sulfides and halogenides in oxidation states III and V, oxoacids of arsenic and antimony, their salts and derivatives, Bi(III) salts and bismuthates. 8. Selenium, tellurium, polonium, hydrogen chalkogenides, chalkogenides, oxides and halogenides, oxoacids and their salts. Scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, lanthanoides, their compounds, actinium and actinoides, their oxides and halogenides. 9. Titanium, zirconium, hafnium, their oxides and halogenides in oxidation states II-IV. Vanadium, niobium, tantalum, their oxides and halogenides in oxidation states II-V, vanadates, niobates and tantalates. 10. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, their oxides and halogenides in oxidation states II-VI, chromates, molybdates and tungstates. Manganese, technetium, rhenium, their oxides and halogenides in oxidation states II-VII, Mn(II) and Mn(III) salts, manganates, permanganates. 11. Iron, cobalt, nickel, their oxides, sulfides, halogenides and oxoacids salts in oxidation states II and III, carbonyls, ferrocene. Light and heavy platinum metals, oxides, sulfides and halogenides of ruthenium and osmium in oxidation states IV and VIII, of rhodium and iridium (III) and (IV), platinum and palladium (II) and (IV). 12. Copper, silver, gold, silver and copper compounds in oxidation states I and II, gold compounds in oxidation states I and III. Zinc, cadmium, mercury, their compounds in oxidation state II, compounds of Hg(I). 13. Coordination chemistry, historical background, types of ligands, coordination numbers, chelates, isomerism in coordination compounds. 14. Role of metals in biological systems, iron, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, lithium, natrium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
Literature
  • VACÍK, Jiří. Obecná chemie. 1. vyd. Praha: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství, 1986, 303 s. info
  • Atkins P.W., Beran J. A.: General Chemistry, Scientific American Books, New York 1992
  • Hála J.: Pomůcka ke studiu obecné chemie, MU Brno 2000
  • Růžička A., Toužín J.: Příklady a problémy z obecné chemie, Brno 2000
  • Toužín J.: Stručný přehled chemie prvků, MU Brno 2001
  • KLIKORKA, Jiří, Bohumil HÁJEK and Jiří VOTINSKÝ. Obecná a anorganická chemie. 2., nezměn. vyd. Praha: SNTL - Nakladatelství technické literatury, 1989, 592 s. info
  • GREENWOOD, N. N. and A. EARNSHAW. Chemistry of the elements (Orig.) : Chemie prvků. Sv. 1 : Chemie prvků. Sv. 2. info
Assessment methods (in Czech)
Výuka formou přednášky, ústní zkouška.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Autumn 2010 - only for the accreditation, Autumn 2000, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2003, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2007, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2010, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, Autumn 2012, Autumn 2013, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2015, Autumn 2016, autumn 2017, Autumn 2018, Autumn 2019, Autumn 2020, autumn 2021, Autumn 2022, Autumn 2023, Autumn 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2001, recent)
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