GA811 Colloids in environment

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2007
Extent and Intensity
2/1. 5 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. RNDr. Rostislav Melichar, Dr.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Běla Hrbková
Timetable
Wed 14:00–15:50 Bp1,01007, Wed 16:00–16:50 Bp1,01007
Prerequisites (in Czech)
! GA810 Geochemist. of colloid systems && ( (!(PROGRAM(B-GE)||PROGRAM(N-GE)||PROGRAM(D-GE)||PROGRAM(C-CV))) || (NOW( G0101 Occupational healt and safety )&&NOW( C7777 Manipulation with chemicals )))
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The lectures focus the problem of colloids in environment. There are summarized definitions, behavior, and properties of colloid systems. Thermodynamics of surfaces and stabilization of colloid particles are discussed. Based on modeling of aggregation, potential barrier, primary minimum, and secondary minimum are demonstrated on potential curves. Colloid formation is shown on the examples of the condensation of aqueous alumina and silica. A disintegration mechanism of colloid formation is also mentioned. High accent is devoted to the transport of colloids in water, air, and porous media. The behavior of colloids in environment is focused in detail. There are discussed the sorption of element on colloid particle and the function of colloids as pollutant "carriers" a "scavengers". Finally, the experimental methods of study of colloids are presented.
Syllabus
  • Colloid systems: Classification, behavior, properties, stability. Particles, dispersing medium. Aerosols, colloidal solutions, gels. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Phase colloids, molecular colloids. Thermodynamics of colloids

    Formation of colloids: Condensation processes, origin and role of supersaturation, nucleation, formation of solids, kinetic factors. Disintegration processes. Role of surface energy.

    Stability of colloid system: Thermodynamics of surfaces, stabilization of colloids by surface charge and by polymers. Electric double-layer. Influence of ionic strength. Brackish waters. Particle aggregation, diffusive and reactive control.

    Modeling of stability: Repulsion and attractive forces. Curves of potential energy. Potential barrier, primary and secondary minima.

    Polymerization in solutions: Monomers, supersaturation, polymers of alumina and silica, growing of particles, modeling.

    Natural colloids: Metal oxides and hydroxides. Sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, fluorides, arsenates. Clay minerals. Organic polymers.

    Transport of colloids: Transport in atmosphere, transport by water, transport in porous media. Rates of transport, comparing with dissolved species, column experiments with colloids and tritiated water.

    Colloids in environment: Sorption behavior (surface area, trace metal sorption, carriers and scavengers of pollutants). Colloids in granitic ground waters (major and trace elements). Soil colloids (precipitation, drainage, evaporation, formation of soil colloids). Estuarine and seawater colloids (mixing of two water types, aggregation in estuaries). Transport of radio-nuclides (Ru, Te, Cs isotopes). Atmospheric aerosols (behavior, composition, and sizes of atmospheric aerosol particles, speleo-aerosols, speleo-therapy). Colloids in hydrothermal processes (colloid behavior at higher temperatures).

    Methods of study of colloid systems: Methods of colloid isolation (ultra-filtration, ultra-filters, membranes, chromatographic gels, column chromatography, Gel-Filtration, Gel-Chromatography). Study after colloid particles separation (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Neutron Activation Analysis, Gas Chromatography). Study without separation (Thyndal's phenomenon, optical methods, spectrophotometry).
Literature
  • YARIV, S. and H. CROSS. Geochemistry of colloid systems. Springer Verlag, 1979, 360 pp. ISBN 0387089802. info
  • HIEMENZ, Paul C. and Raj RAJAGOPALAN. Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. 3rd edition. Marcel Dekker, 1997, 650 pp. ISBN 0824793978. info
  • ANDERSSON, P.S., D. PORCELLI, O. GUSTAFSSON, J. INGRI and G.J. WASSERBURG. The importance of colloids for the behavior of uranium isotopes in the low-salinity zone of a stable estuary. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Elsevier Pergamon, 2001, vol. 65, No 1, p. 13-24. ISSN 0016-7037. info
  • SCHEMEL, L.E., B.A. KIMBALL and K.E. BENCALA. Colloid formation and metal transport through two mixing zones affected by acid mine drainage near Silverton, Colorado. Applied Geochemistry. Elsevier, 2000, vol. 15, p. 1003-1017. ISSN 0883-2927. info
  • MCCARTHY, J.F. Colloid-facilitated transport of contaminats in grounwater: Mobilization of transuranic radionuclides from disposal trenches by natural organic matter. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. Elsevier, 1998, vol. 23, No 2, p. 171-178. ISSN 1464-1895. info
  • VILKS, P., L.H. FROST and D.B. BACHINSKI. Field-scale colloid migration experiments in a granite fracture. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. Elsevier, 1997, vol. 26, p. 203-213. ISSN 0169-7722. info
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: Výuka bude probíhat v podzimním semestru 2005/2006.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2003, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, Autumn 2015, autumn 2017, Autumn 2019, Autumn 2023.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2007, recent)
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