GA811 Colloids in environment

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2015
Extent and Intensity
1/0. 1 credit(s). Type of Completion: k (colloquium).
Teacher(s)
doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. RNDr. Rostislav Melichar, Dr.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: doc. Mgr. Martin Ivanov, Dr.
Supplier department: Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Prerequisites (in Czech)
! GA810 Geochemist. of colloid systems && ( (!(PROGRAM(B-GE)||PROGRAM(N-GE)||PROGRAM(D-GE)||PROGRAM(D-GE4)||PROGRAM(C-CV))) || (NOW( G0101 Occupational healt and safety )&&NOW( C7777 Handling chemicals )))
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
The capacity limit for the course is 32 student(s).
Current registration and enrolment status: enrolled: 0/32, only registered: 0/32, only registered with preference (fields directly associated with the programme): 0/32
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
there are 14 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display
Course objectives
The lectures focus the problem of colloids in environment. There are summarized definitions, behavior, and properties of colloid systems. Thermodynamics of surfaces and stabilization of colloid particles are discussed. Based on modeling of aggregation, potential barrier, primary minimum, and secondary minimum are demonstrated on potential curves. Colloid formation is shown on the examples of the condensation of aqueous alumina and silica. A disintegration mechanism of colloid formation is also mentioned. High accent is devoted to the transport of colloids in water, air, and porous media. The behavior of colloids in environment is focused in detail. There are discussed the sorption of element on colloid particle and the function of colloids as pollutant "carriers" a "scavengers". Finally, the experimental methods of study of colloids are presented.
Syllabus
  • Colloid systems: Classification, behavior, properties, stability. Particles, dispersing medium. Aerosols, colloidal solutions, gels. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Phase colloids, molecular colloids. Thermodynamics of colloids

    Formation of colloids: Condensation processes, origin and role of supersaturation, nucleation, formation of solids, kinetic factors. Disintegration processes. Role of surface energy.

    Stability of colloid system: Thermodynamics of surfaces, stabilization of colloids by surface charge and by polymers. Electric double-layer. Influence of ionic strength. Brackish waters. Particle aggregation, diffusive and reactive control.

    Modeling of stability: Repulsion and attractive forces. Curves of potential energy. Potential barrier, primary and secondary minima.

    Polymerization in solutions: Monomers, supersaturation, polymers of alumina and silica, growing of particles, modeling.

    Natural colloids: Metal oxides and hydroxides. Sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, fluorides, arsenates. Clay minerals. Organic polymers.

    Transport of colloids: Transport in atmosphere, transport by water, transport in porous media. Rates of transport, comparing with dissolved species, column experiments with colloids and tritiated water.

    Colloids in environment: Sorption behavior (surface area, trace metal sorption, carriers and scavengers of pollutants). Colloids in granitic ground waters (major and trace elements). Soil colloids (precipitation, drainage, evaporation, formation of soil colloids). Estuarine and seawater colloids (mixing of two water types, aggregation in estuaries). Transport of radio-nuclides (Ru, Te, Cs isotopes). Atmospheric aerosols (behavior, composition, and sizes of atmospheric aerosol particles, speleo-aerosols, speleo-therapy). Colloids in hydrothermal processes (colloid behavior at higher temperatures).

    Methods of study of colloid systems: Methods of colloid isolation (ultra-filtration, ultra-filters, membranes, chromatographic gels, column chromatography, Gel-Filtration, Gel-Chromatography). Study after colloid particles separation (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Neutron Activation Analysis, Gas Chromatography). Study without separation (Thyndal's phenomenon, optical methods, spectrophotometry).
Literature
    recommended literature
  • YARIV, S. and H. CROSS. Geochemistry of colloid systems. Springer Verlag, 1979, 360 pp. ISBN 0387089802. info
  • HIEMENZ, Paul C. and Raj RAJAGOPALAN. Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. 3rd edition. Marcel Dekker, 1997, 650 pp. ISBN 0824793978. info
  • ANDERSSON, P.S., D. PORCELLI, O. GUSTAFSSON, J. INGRI and G.J. WASSERBURG. The importance of colloids for the behavior of uranium isotopes in the low-salinity zone of a stable estuary. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. Elsevier Pergamon, 2001, vol. 65, No 1, p. 13-24. ISSN 0016-7037. info
Teaching methods
lectures
Assessment methods
2 written tests, final test
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: Bude otevřen v podzimním semestru 2015/2016.
The course is taught: in blocks.
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2003, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2007, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, autumn 2017, Autumn 2019, Autumn 2023.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2015, recent)
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