Bi7270 Plant Embryology

Faculty of Science
Autumn 2022
Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 2 credit(s) (plus extra credits for completion). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
Mgr. Hana Cempírková, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
Mgr. Hana Cempírková, Ph.D.
Department of Experimental Biology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Naděžda Bílá
Supplier department: Department of Experimental Biology – Biology Section – Faculty of Science
Timetable
Mon 14:00–15:50 C13/332
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
describe development and structure of plant generative organs, formation of gametes, structural aspects of the pollination and fertilization process, embryo and endosperm formation;
utilize various methods of light microscopy (dark field, Nomarski DIC, fluorescence microscopy) as well as different techniques of microscopic preparations, even for scanning electron microscopy.
Learning outcomes
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
describe development and structure of plant generative organs, formation of gametes, structural aspects of the pollination and fertilization process, embryo and endosperm formation;
utilize various methods of light microscopy (dark field, Nomarski DIC, fluorescence microscopy) as well as different techniques of microscopic preparations, even for scanning electron microscopy.
Syllabus
  • Development of Light Microscope Construction and Function: Bright Field, Köhler Illumination and Ten Commandments in Light Microscopy.
  • Plant Life Cycles: Sporophyte, Gametophyte, Fertilization, Zygote, Embryo, Seed, Structure of Angiosperm Seeds, Seed Quiescence and Dormancy, Seed Germination and Seedling Structure.
  • Cell Nucleus and its Division: Phases of the Cell Cycle, Cell Cycle Control Points, Cytoskeleton Organization during Cell Cycle, Nuclear Staining, Rapid Cytological Methods (Lacto-Propionic Orcein, Cajal-Brožek Method), Pre-treatment, Classification of Meristems.
  • Primary Meristems: Stem Apical Meristem (Structure, Stem Cells, Vegetative Meristem, Leaf Primordia, Leaf Meristems, Differentiation of Leaf Tissue), Flowering Initiation, Generative Meristem; Root Meristem.
  • Megasporogenesis and Megagametogenesis: Gynoecium, Pistil Development and Structure, Structure of Angiosperm Ovule, Meiosis, Tetrads of Megaspores, Embryo Sac Development, Types of Embryo Sac, Whole Mounts of Cleared Ovules and Seeds, Nomarski DIC.
  • Microsporogenesis and Microgametogenesis: Androecium: Stamen, Anther Structure and Development, Meiosis, Tetrads of Microspores, Pollen Grain Development and Maturation, Pollen Wall Structure, Pollen Grain Viability.
  • Pollen Grain Germination in situ and in vitro: Incompatibility, Pollen Tube, Phase Contract Microscopy and Nomarski DIC.
  • Pollination and Fertilization: Sporophyte Gametophyte Interactions, Growth of Pollen Tubes and Fluorescence Microscopy, Decolourised Aniline Blue, Callose staining, Callose Plugs, Sperm Cell Formation, Double Fertilization in Angiosperms, Apomixis.
  • Embryo and Endosperm Development, Embryogenetic Types, Types of Endosperm Development.
  • Histological Techniques in Plant Embryology I.: Fixation and Fixatives and their Mixtures.
  • Histological Techniques in Plant Embryology II: Dehydration, Infiltration and Embedding, Microtome Types, Sectioning, Adhesion of Sections.
  • Histological Techniques in Plant Embryology II: Dyes and Staining, Embedding of Sections.
  • Cryostat Techniques in Embryology: Fixation, Cryoprotection and Cryosections, Enzyme Histochemistry.
  • Documentation: Photomicrography, Video, and Distance Measurements.
Literature
    required literature
  • ERDELSKÁ, Olga. Embryológia krytosemenných rastlín (Angiosperm embryology). Bratislava: Veda, 1981, 200 pp. ISBN 71-020-81. info
    recommended literature
  • NĚMEC, Bohumil and A KOL. Botanická mikrotechnika (Plant Microtechnique). Praha: ČSAV, 1962, 484 pp. ISBN 21-103-62. info
  • PAZOUREK, Jaroslav and Olga VOTRUBOVÁ. Atlas of plant anatomy. Prague: PERES Publishers, 1997, 447 s. ISBN 80-901691-2-0. info
  • ESAU, Katherine. Anatomy of seed plants. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977, xx, 550. ISBN 0471245208. info
  • RAGHAVAN, V. Developmental biology of flowering plants. New York: Springer Verlag, 1999, xxii, 354. ISBN 0387987819. info
  • RAGHAVAN, Valayamghat. Molecular embryology of flowering plants. 1st pub. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, xxi, 690 s. ISBN 0-521-55246-X. info
  • BRAUNE, Wolfram, Alfred LEMAN and Hans TAUBERT. Pflanzenanatomisches Praktikum I (Plant Anatomy Practice I). 4.Ed. Jena: VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1983, 279 pp. ISBN 261 700-38-83. info
  • BRAUNE, Wolfram, Alfred LEMAN and Hans TAUBERT. Pflanzenanatomisches Praktikum II (Plant Anatomy Practice II). 2nd ed. Jena: VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1982, 426 pp. ISBN 261 700-36-82. info
  • VINTER, Vladimír. Rostliny pod mikroskopem. 2nd ed. Olomouc, 2009, 200 pp. ISBN 978-80-244-2223-7. info
  • PAZOURKOVÁ, Zdeňka. Botanická mikrotechnika. 1. vyd. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 1982, 166 s. info
  • Staining procedures. Edited by George Clark. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1981, xi, 512 s. ISBN 0-683-01707-1. info
  • KIERNAN, J. Histological and histochemical methods: Theory and practise. 1.Ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981, 344 pp. info
  • Histochemistry :theoretical and applied. Edited by Peter J. Stoward - A. G. Everson Pearse. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1991, xiv, 728 s. ISBN 0-443-02996-2. info
  • HAWES, Chris and Béatrice SATIAT-JEUNEMAITRE. Plant Cell Biology. Oxford: University Press, 2001, 338 pp. Practical Approach. ISBN 0-19-963865-9. info
  • Plant cell morphogenesis : methods and protocols. Edited by Viktor Žárský - Fatima Cvrčková. New York: Springer, 2014, xi, 285. ISBN 9781627036429. info
    not specified
  • PAVLOVÁ, Libuše and Lukáš FISCHER. Růst a vývoj rostlin. Vyd. 1. Praha: Karolinum, 2011, 325 s. ISBN 9788024619132. info
Teaching methods
Lectures with Microsoft PowerPoint presentations, microkinematography
Assessment methods
Oral examination
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
Study Materials
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Autumn 2010 - only for the accreditation, Autumn 2002, Autumn 2003, Autumn 2004, Autumn 2005, Autumn 2006, Autumn 2007, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2010, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2011 - acreditation, Autumn 2012, Autumn 2013, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2015, Autumn 2016, autumn 2017, Autumn 2018, Autumn 2019, autumn 2021, Autumn 2023, Autumn 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2022, recent)
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