PřF:G2141 Minerals and Rock Microscopy - Course Information

G2141 Minerals and Rock Microscopy

Extent and Intensity

1/2. 4 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

Mgr. Dalibor Všianský, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. Petr Gadas, Ph.D. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

Mgr. Dalibor Všianský, Ph.D.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: doc. Mgr. Martin Ivanov, Dr.
Supplier department: Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Mon 12:00–13:50 Go,-1012, Mon 14:00–14:50 Go,-1012

Prerequisites

( G1141k Optical Microscopy in Geology || G1141 Optical Microscopy in Geology ) && ( G1061k Mineralogy || G1061 Mineralogy )
Basic problems form Mineralogy I and Petrology I. Supported is the lecture G1141 Optická mikroskopie v geologii.

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

there are 38 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display

Course objectives

The course gives the complex overview of the mineralogical composition of the basic igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks so that the students should be able to work independently with the thin sections within the bachelors works and master theses. Students will learn to find basic types of rocks according to macro-surveys and to specify their names based on microscopic observations, to determine rock structures and textures. They will improve in performing basic petrographic descriptions of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.

Learning outcomes

The course gives the complex overview of the mineralogical composition of the basic igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks so that the students should be able to work independently with the thin sections within the bachelors works and master theses. Students will learn to find basic types of rocks according to macro-surveys and to specify their names based on microscopic observations, to determine rock structures and textures. They will improve in performing basic petrographic descriptions of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.

Syllabus

• The education is focused above all on mastering the practical tasks of optical mineralogy. 1) Work with polarising microscope: Microscopic study of minerals in polarised light: determination of the nicol position, determination of extinction angle, interference colours and birefringence height, function of compensating plates and quartz wedge, their usage, the character of the zone, conoscopy and optical character of minerals: - uniaxial -biaxial 2) The course of determination of minerals in thin sections using polarising microscope: The system of rock-forming minerals:*quartz, potash feldspars, plagioclases (basicity of plagioclase determined with planar table of the polarising microscope), nefeline, leucite, sodalite, nosean, hauyn, analcime, olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles, muscovite, biotite, phlogopite, cinnvaldite, carbonates, barite, tourmaline, garnets - presumed knowledge from Mineralogy 3) **allanite, zoisite, epidote, klinozoisite, mellilite, chloritoid, chlorite, glaukonite, minerals of the serpentine group, talc, andalusite, sillimanite, kyanite, cordierite, vesuviane, wollastonite, gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, halite, zeolites , ***skapolite, chondrodite group, prehnite, kankrinite, mullite, periklas, spinels, staurolite, dumortierite, lawsonite, pumpellyite, brucite, corundum, rutile, apatite, zircon, titanite, beryl, topaz, monazite The aim of the microscopic study of rocks are micropetrographic analysis and their confrontation with macroscopic nature of the rocks. The course is focused on the recognition of the following phenomena: Macropetrographic analysis: colour, homogeneity, inhomogeneity, solidity, friability, coherence, incoherence, textural features Micropetrographic analysis: of crystalline phases (minerals) and glass, crystallisation and crystalloblastesis qualitative and quantitative mineral composition (rock classification based on them), grain-size analysis, porosity, mineral and rock alterations, pseudomorphs, form and corrosion of minerals, succession of mineral crystallisation, tokens of rocks contamination and assimilation, structural features, homogeneity and heterogeneity, isotropy and anisotropy of rock texture, crystallisation - deformation, plastic and rupture deformation, healing, cementation, regeneration Petrographic System: 4-6) Igneous rocks: geological position, rock-forming minerals, structures, alterations Classification: - of igneous rocks: alkaline granites, granodiorites, tonalites, diorites, gabbros, peridotites, pyroxenovce, horblendites, syenites, monzonites, alkaline syenites, esexites, theralites, teshinites, umkopaghrites, ijolites, carbonatites,
• - of effusive rocks: rhyolites, dacites, trachytes, andesites, bazalts, fonolites, tefrites, basanites, nefelinites, leucititites, olivinic melilitites Plutonic rocks: distributed mafic and felsic: lamprofyres (a dark-coloured, strongly porfyritic) , aplites, pegmatites and mikrogranites - mikrodiorites - mikrogabbroides volcanic glasses, agglomerates, tuffs and tuffites 7-9) Sedimentary rocks geological position, clastic, chemogenic, organogenic, structural features, groundmass, cement, matrix, porosity. Systematic classification of sedimentary rocks: Clastic sediments: psefites, arenites, aleurites, mudstones, limestones, dolostones, silicites ferrolites, manganolites, phosphorites evaporites Classification principles in individual genetic groups of sedimentary rocks 10-12) Metamorphosed rocks geological position, regionally and contact metamorphosed , structures, groundmass and blastesis Systematic classification of metamorphosed rocks: Contact metamorphosed rocks: cherts, plodové shales, snopkové (sheaf?) shales, blotty (skvrnité) shales Regionally metamorphosed igneous rocks: acidic, intermediary, basic, ultrabasic (ortho-gneisses, granulites, metabasites, green shales, amphibolites, leptinites, serpentinites, krupníky, talc shales etc. Regionally metamorphosed sedimentary rocks: phyllite, mica-schist, para-gneiss Contact and regionally metamorphosed rocks: carbonate marbles Graphitic rocks Metaferrolites Further: skarns, eclogites, metasomatites etc.

Literature

• http://mineralogie.sci.muni.cz
• Staněk J., Gregerová M. (1984): Fyzikální a optické vlastnosti minerálů.- Učební texty MU. Brno.
• MACKENZIE, W. S. and C. GUILFORD. Atlas of rock-forming minerals in thin section. Essex: Longman, 1998, v, 98 s. ISBN 0-582-45591-X. info
• PICHLER, Hans and Cornelia SCHMITT-RIEGRAF. Rock-forming minerals in thin section. 1st ed. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997, vii, 220. ISBN 0412644606. info
• DEER, W. A., R. A. HOWIE and J. ZUSSMAN. An introduction to the rock-forming minerals. 2nd ed. Essex: Longman, 1996, xvi, 696. ISBN 0582300940. info
• FIŠERA, Milan. Horninotvorné minerály metamorfik v současné literatuře. Vyd. 1. Praha: Ústřední ústav geologický, 1987, 214 s. URL info
• DUDEK, Arnošt, Ferry FEDIUK and Marie PALIVCOVÁ. Petrografické tabulky : příručka petrografické mikroskopie s atlasem struktur a textur. Praha: Nakladatelství Československé akademie věd, 1962, 303 s. info
• HEJTMAN, Bohuslav and Jiří KONTA. Horninotvorné minerály. 2. vyd., v NČSAV 1. Praha: Nakladatelství Československé akademie věd, 1959, 307 s. URL info

Teaching methods

lecture, practice

Assessment methods

Written test and practical exam.

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.
The course is taught annually.

Listed among pre-requisites of other courses

• G3141 Microscopy for Bc. students
  (G2141||G1141)&&kredity_min(90)  

• Enrolment Statistics (Spring 2020, recent)
  
• Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/course/sci/spring2020/G2141