List of figures

Fig. 1: A schematic view of the microscopic structure of the skin and oral mucosa (Škach et al., 1982)

Fig. 2: An illustration of keratinizing epithelium (Tyldesley, 1981)

Fig. 3: A simplified chart of the basal complex of the oral epithelium: connection of basal cells and connective tissue by means of hemidesmosomes (Tyldesley, 1981)

Fig. 4: The schematic view of basic histopathological changes (Záruba et al., 1992)

Fig. 5: Primary efflorescences of the oral mucosa (Záruba et al., 1992)

Fig. 6: Secondary efflorescences of the oral mucosa (Záruba et al., 1992)

Fig. 7: Xenobiotics-induced diseases of the oral cavity

Fig. 8: Etiology of exogenous pigmentations

Fig. 9: To establish the diagnosis of Sjögren Syndrome, at least 4 criteria must be met, one of which must be a positive biopsy or positive detection of antibodies (diagram acc. to Ciferská et al., 2000; Slezák et al., 2003)

Fig. 10 Etiology of endogenous pigmentations

Fig. 11: Classification of melanin pigmentations according to the etiopathogenesis

Fig. 12: Dif. dg. of diseases with oral white lesions as a prominent clinical symptom (Škach et al., 1975)

Fig. 13: Dif. dg. of diseases with red lesions as a prominent clinical symptom

Fig. 14: Differential diagnosis of erosions (amended from Škach et al., 1975)

Fig. 15: Dif. dg. of vesicular diseases (Škach et al., 1975)

Fig. 16: Dif. dg. of diseases with a bulla as a principal structure (Škach et al., 1975)

Fig. 17: Dif. dg. of diseases with blisters as the principal structure (amended from Otten et al., 2014). The clinical finding must be augmented by a histopathological examination and subsequent direct and indirect immunofluorescence. Molecular-biological techniques such as ELISA, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, etc. often play a key role in the differential diagnosis.

Fig. 18: Differential diagnosis of ulcerations (Škach et al., 1975)