G2141 Minerals and Rock Microscopy

Faculty of Science
Spring 2006
Extent and Intensity
1/2. 3 credit(s) (fasci plus compl plus > 4). Type of Completion: graded credit.
Teacher(s)
doc. RNDr. Miroslava Gregerová, CSc. (lecturer)
RNDr. Václav Vávra, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
doc. RNDr. Rostislav Melichar, Dr.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: Běla Hrbková
Timetable
Thu 8:00–8:50 Bp1,01007
  • Timetable of Seminar Groups:
G2141/01: Tue 16:00–17:50 01015b
G2141/02: Mon 13:00–14:50 01015b
Prerequisites
! G2140 Optical Mineralogy &&( G1060 Mineralogy I || G1061 Mineralogy I )
Passing the basic course of optical mineralogy within the "Mineralogy" and practical skills in working with polarizing microscope.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The subject gives the complex overview of the mineralogical composition of the basic igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks so that the students should be able to work independently with the thin sections within the bachelors works and theses.
Syllabus
  • The education is focused above all on mastering the practical tasks of optical mineralogy. 1) Work with polarising microscope: Microscopic study of minerals in polarised light: determination of the nicol position, determination of extinction angle, interference colours and birefringence height, function of compensating plates and quartz wedge, their usage, the character of the zone (ráz délky, charakter délky), conoscopy and optical character of minerals: - uniaxial -biaxial 2) The course of determination of minerals in thin sections using polarising microscope: The system of rock-forming minerals:*quartz, potash feldspars, plagioclases (basicity of plagioclase determined with planar table of the polarising microscope), nefeline, leucite, sodalite, nosean, hauyn, analcime, olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles, muscovite, biotite, phlogopite, cinnvaldite, carbonates, barite, tourmaline, garnets - presumed knowledge from Mineralogy 3) **allanite, zoisite, epidote, klinozoisite, mellilite, chloritoid, chlorite, glaukonite, minerals of the serpentine group, talc, andalusite, sillimanite, kyanite, cordierite, vesuviane, wollastonite, gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, halite, zeolites , ***skapolite, chondrodite group, prehnite, kankrinite, mullite, periklas, spinels, staurolite, dumortierite, lawsonite, pumpellyite, brucite, corundum, rutile, apatite, zircon, titanite, beryl, topaz, monazite The aim of the microscopic study of rocks are micropetrographic analysis and their confrontation with macroscopic nature of the rocks. The course is focused on the recognition of the following phenomena: Macropetrographic analysis: colour, homogeneity, inhomogeneity, solidity, friability, coherence, incoherence, textural features Micropetrographic analysis: of crystalline phases (minerals) and glass, crystallisation and crystalloblastesis qualitative and quantitative mineral composition (rock classification based on them), grain-size analysis, porosity, mineral and rock alterations, pseudomorphs, form and corrosion of minerals, succession of mineral crystallisation, tokens of rocks contamination and assimilation, structural features, homogeneity and heterogeneity, isotropy and anisotropy of rock texture, crystallisation - deformation, plastic and rupture deformation, healing, cementation, regeneration Petrographic System: 4-6) Igneous rocks: geological position, rock-forming minerals, structures, alterations Classification: - of igneous rocks: alkaline granites, granodiorites, tonalites, diorites, gabbros, peridotites, pyroxenovce, horblendites, syenites, monzonites, alkaline syenites, esexites, theralites, teshinites, umkopaghrites, ijolites, carbonatites, - of effusive rocks: rhyolites, dacites, trachytes, andesites, bazalts, fonolites, tefrites, basanites, nefelinites, leucititites, olivinic melilitites Plutonic rocks: distributed mafic and felsic: lamprofyres (a dark-coloured, strongly porfyritic) , aplites, pegmatites and mikrogranites - mikrodiorites - mikrogabbroides volcanic glasses, agglomerates, tuffs and tuffites 7-9) Sedimentary rocks geological position, clastic, chemogenic, organogenic, structural features, groundmass, cement, matrix, porosity. Systematic classification of sedimentary rocks: Clastic sediments: psefites, arenites, aleurites, mudstones, limestones, dolostones, silicites ferrolites, manganolites, phosphorites evaporites Classification principles in individual genetic groups of sedimentary rocks 10-12) Metamorphosed rocks geological position, regionally and contact metamorphosed , structures, groundmass and blastesis Systematic classification of metamorphosed rocks: Contact metamorphosed rocks: cherts, plodové shales, snopkové (sheaf?) shales, blotty (skvrnité) shales Regionally metamorphosed igneous rocks: acidic, intermediary, basic, ultrabasic (ortho-gneisses, granulites, metabasites, green shales, amphibolites, leptinites, serpentinites, krupníky, talc shales etc. Regionally metamorphosed sedimentary rocks: phyllite, mica-schist, para-gneiss Contact and regionally metamorphosed rocks: carbonate marbles Graphitic rocks Metaferrolites Further: skarns, eclogites, metasomatites etc.
Literature
  • Staněk J., Gregerová M. (1984): Fyzikální a optické vlastnosti minerálů.- Učební texty MU. Brno.
  • MACKENZIE, W. S. and C. GUILFORD. Atlas of rock-forming minerals in thin section. Essex: Longman, 1998, v, 98 s. ISBN 0-582-45591-X. info
  • PICHLER, Hans and Cornelia SCHMITT-RIEGRAF. Rock-forming minerals in thin section. 1st ed. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997, vii, 220. ISBN 0412644606. info
  • DEER, W. A., R. A. HOWIE and J. ZUSSMAN. An introduction to the rock-forming minerals. 2nd ed. Essex: Longman, 1996, xvi, 696. ISBN 0582300940. info
  • FIŠERA, Milan. Horninotvorné minerály metamorfik v současné literatuře. Vyd. 1. Praha: Ústřední ústav geologický, 1987, 214 s. URL info
  • DUDEK, Arnošt, Ferry FEDIUK and Marie PALIVCOVÁ. Petrografické tabulky : příručka petrografické mikroskopie s atlasem struktur a textur. Praha: Nakladatelství Československé akademie věd, 1962, 303 s. info
  • HEJTMAN, Bohuslav and Jiří KONTA. Horninotvorné minerály. 2. vyd., v NČSAV 1. Praha: Nakladatelství Československé akademie věd, 1959, 307 s. URL info
Language of instruction
Czech
Further Comments
The course is taught annually.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Spring 2008 - for the purpose of the accreditation, Spring 2003, Spring 2004, Spring 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Spring 2010, Spring 2011, Spring 2012, spring 2012 - acreditation, Spring 2013, Spring 2014, Spring 2015, Spring 2016, Spring 2017, spring 2018, Spring 2019, Spring 2020, Spring 2021, Spring 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (Spring 2006, recent)
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