PřF:G6101k Methods of laboratory research - Course Information

G6101k Methods of laboratory research of minerals and rocks

Extent and Intensity

3/1. 5 credit(s). Type of Completion: graded credit.

Teacher(s)

doc. Ing. Jiří Faimon, Dr. (lecturer)

Guaranteed by

doc. RNDr. Rostislav Melichar, Dr.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: doc. Mgr. Martin Ivanov, Dr.
Supplier department: Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science

Prerequisites (in Czech)

! G6100 Methods of laboratory research && ! G6101 Methods of laboratory research && !NOW( G6101 Methods of laboratory research ) && ( (!(PROGRAM(B-GE)||PROGRAM(D-GE4)||PROGRAM(N-GE)||PROGRAM(D-GE)||PROGRAM(C-CV))) || (NOW( G0101 Occupational healt and safety )&&NOW( C7777 Handling chemicals )))

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.

The capacity limit for the course is 21 student(s).
Current registration and enrolment status: enrolled: 0/21, only registered: 0/21

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

there are 7 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display

Course objectives

Main objectives are basic knowledges in the laboratory research of rocks and minerals; especially in:
- basic operations (sampling and sample treatment, mineral separation)
- chemical methods (wet silicate analysis)
- instrumental methods (electron microscopy, electron microprob)
- spectral analyses in gamma, X-ray, UV, VIS, IR range
- electrochemical and chromatographic methods
The course is aimed to students of the Bachelor programs and it involves lab practices.

Syllabus

• Sampling and sample treatment: Sampling of rocks and minerále in the field, technical tools. Optimum sample size, representativeness. Criteria for the choice of suuitable analytical methods (purpose, price, sensitivity, required sample size). Sample preparation for analysis - crushing, sieving, homogenisation. Mineral separation techniques: gravitational (panning, heavy liquid separation), magnetic (with permanent magnet, electromagnetic). Elutriation (Stokes' law, Kopecký's elutriator), flotation. Hand picking. Preparation of thin and polished sections.
• Macroscopic determination of mineral and rock properties: subjective colour scale, hardness, scratch, smell, cleavage, fluorescence, radioactivity. Density measurement. Refractive index measurement. Mineral luminescence, radioactivity, radiographic methods.
• X-ray methods: Theoretical basics (Bragg's equation). Powder method, diifractometer arrangement. Specimen preparation. Evaluation of X-ray patterns - qualitative analysis, phase identification. Quantitative phase analysis (RIR, internal standard method). Determination of lattice parameters, Rietveld's refinement method. Monocrystal methods. The possibilities of X-ray data usage.
• Thermal methods: Differential thermal analysis - method principles, thermal reactions of minerals, instrumentation. Interpretation of DTA and TG patterns, qualitative and quantitative analysis. Differential calorimetry, dilatometry, thermoluminiscence, decrepitometry. Examples of application of thermal methods in geology.
• Electron microscopy Basics of scanning and transmission electron microscope, imaging modes. Electron diffraction. Image analysis.
• Electron microanalysis Wavelength-dispersive method, energy-dispersive method. Less common microanalytical methods (ion microprobe, laser ablation probe). X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
• Chemical analysis: Analytical error, accuracy and rightness of the results, relative and absolute error, relative and absolute error, systematic, random and gross error, normal distribution of random errors, standard deviation, error propagation, confidence interval. Classification of analytical methods, their applicability. Choice of appropriate method, direct and indirect methods, analytical costs.
• Classical methods: Gravimetric methods, precipitation, filtration, decanting, examples of usage (determination of SiO2, S), typical analytical error. Volumetric methods, titration, titration agent, indicators, examples of usage (complexometric determination of Ca, Mg, Al, oxidimetric determination of Fe, acidimetric determination of SiO2), typical analytical error. Separation methods, extraction, ion exchangers.
• Instrumental methods. Classification (optical - spectral, non-spectral, electrochemical, chromatographic), usage, typical errors, evaluation in relative methods (calibration curve, standard addition, inner standard method).
• Emission spectral methods Spectrum formation (radio-wave, micro-wave, far-, near- and medium infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma-ray range), possible uses, methods (emission spectrography, flame photometry, emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, neutron activation analysis).
• Absorption spectral methods: Formation of absorption spectra, Lambert-Beer law, methods (vibration spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectrometry), possible uses, typical instrumental arrangement.
• Elektrochemical and chromatographic methods: Electrochemical potentials, pH measurement, ion-selective electrodes; polarography. Chromatography, instrumental arranfgement, mobile and stationary phase, gas- and liquid chromatography, appplication, advantages, errors.

Literature

required literature
• FAIMON, Jiří. Základní metody analytické geochemie. VŠ skripta, 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1992, 147 s. ISBN 80-210-0498-3. info

Teaching methods

compulsory/optional consultations, reading

Assessment methods

2 written tests, final test

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

The course is taught once in two years.
Information on the per-term frequency of the course: Bude otevřen v podzimním semestru 2013/2014.
The course is taught: in blocks.
Note related to how often the course is taught: Dle plánu distanční výuky.

• Enrolment Statistics (Autumn 2013, recent)
  
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