F7301 Elementary excitations in Solids (Elementární excitace v pevných látkách)

Přírodovědecká fakulta
podzim 2017
Rozsah
2/0/0. 2 kr. (příf plus uk plus > 4). Ukončení: zk.
Vyučující
prof. Mgr. Dominik Munzar, Dr. (přednášející)
prof. Mgr. Dominik Munzar, Dr. (cvičící)
Garance
prof. RNDr. Josef Humlíček, CSc.
Ústav fyziky kondenzovaných látek – Fyzikální sekce – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: prof. Mgr. Dominik Munzar, Dr.
Dodavatelské pracoviště: Ústav fyziky kondenzovaných látek – Fyzikální sekce – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je nabízen i studentům mimo mateřské obory.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
Description of excited states of solids could be expected to be more complicated than that of the ground state. This is certainly true for highly excited states, that are very different from the ground state. Most of the relevant properties of solids (e.g., thermal, electrical, optical properties), however, can be understood in terms of low energy excited states that are close to the ground state. Surprisingly, these states have a fairly simple structure: they can be viewed as consisting of a few building blocks that are called elementary excitations. The concept of elementary excitations will be introduced and the most important examples (quasielectrons, quasiholes, phonons, plasmons etc.) presented. At the end of the course students should be able to understand the concepts of elementary excitations, collective excitations etc., to apply these concepts when discussing results of simple models and/or experimental data, to solve simple related problems, e.g., to compute the electronic band structures of semiconductors and simple transition metals using the semiempirical tight-binding method or to compute the phonon dispersion relations using common semiempirical models.
Osnova
  • 1. Introduction. (a) Excited states in solids. (b) The concept of elementary excitations, quasiparticles and collective excitations, examples. 2. Quasiparticles in Fermi liquids - three aproaches. (a) Hartree-Fock theory. (b) Landau's theory of Fermi liquids. (c) Method of Green's functions. 3. One-electron description of electronic states in crystalline solids. (a) Bloch theorem in a broader context, classification of electronic states based on group theory. (b) Band structure and density of states. (c) Examples of band structures. (d) Methods of measuring the band structure. 4. Methods for calculating the band structure. (a) A survey of the methods, classification of the methods according to the choice of the effective potential and according to the method of solving the Schroedinger equation. (b) Empirical tight-binding method, a unified approach to the electronic structure of atoms, molecules, and solids. (c) Augmented plane waves and pseudopotentials. 5. One-electron theory in the presence of perturbing fields. (a) Effective Hamiltonian and semiclassical approximation. (b) Impurity states in semiconductors. (c) Dynamics of electrons in an external electric field. (d) Dynamics of electrons in a magnetic field. (e) Methods of measuring the Fermi surface. 6. Theory of lattice vibrations. (a) Equations of motion for a lattice in the harmonic approximation. (b) Dispersion relation, density of states, polarization vectors. (c) Quantum properties, phonons. (d) Methods of measuring the phonon dispersion relation. (e) Methods for calculating the dispersion relation. 7. Electron-phonon interaction. (a) Interaction Hamiltonian. (b) Scattering of electrons by phonons. (c) Influence of the electron-phonon interaction on the dispersion relations.
Literatura
  • ANDERSON, P. W. Concepts in solids : lectures on the theory of solids. Singapore: World Scientific, 1997, xiii, 188. ISBN 9810232314. info
  • ASHCROFT, Neil W. a N. David MERMIN. Solid state physics. South Melbourne: Brooks/Cole, 1976, xxi, 826 s. ISBN 0-03-083993-9. info
  • MATTUCK, Richard D. A guide to Feynman diagrams in the many-body problem. 2nd ed. New York: Dover Publications, 1992, xv, 429 s. ISBN 0-486-67047-3. info
  • CELÝ, Jan. Kvazičástice v pevných látkách. Vyd. 1. Praha: SNTL - Nakladatelství technické literatury, 1977, 283 s. info
Výukové metody
Lectures. Solution of a certain amount of problems by a student.
Metody hodnocení
Oral examination. Solution of a certain amount of problems by a student, before the examination, is required. During the examination, students are requested to answer 3-5 questions concerning the topic of the course. The final evaluation reflects the degree of understanding the concepts and applications thereof.
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Další komentáře
Studijní materiály
Předmět je dovoleno ukončit i mimo zkouškové období.
Předmět je vyučován každoročně.
Výuka probíhá každý týden.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích podzim 2007 - akreditace, podzim 1999, podzim 2010 - akreditace, podzim 2000, podzim 2001, podzim 2002, podzim 2003, podzim 2004, podzim 2005, podzim 2006, podzim 2007, podzim 2008, podzim 2009, podzim 2010, podzim 2011, podzim 2011 - akreditace, jaro 2012 - akreditace, podzim 2012, podzim 2013, podzim 2014, podzim 2015, podzim 2016, podzim 2018.