ZLFA0722c Pharmacology II - practice

Faculty of Medicine
autumn 2023
Extent and Intensity
0/2/0. 1 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).
Teacher(s)
doc. MUDr. Regina Demlová, Ph.D. (lecturer)
MUDr. Jana Nováková, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. Marta Vyoralová (seminar tutor)
Renata Bláblová (assistant)
Guaranteed by
doc. MUDr. Regina Demlová, Ph.D.
Department of Pharmacology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: Renata Bláblová
Supplier department: Department of Pharmacology – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Timetable of Seminar Groups
ZLFA0722c/21: Mon 30. 10. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Tue 31. 10. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Wed 1. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Thu 2. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Fri 3. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Mon 6. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Tue 7. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Wed 8. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Thu 9. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Fri 10. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231
ZLFA0722c/22: Mon 27. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Tue 28. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Wed 29. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Thu 30. 11. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Fri 1. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Mon 4. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Tue 5. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Wed 6. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Thu 7. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/231, Fri 8. 12. 8:30–11:00 A19/231
Prerequisites (in Czech)
ZLFA0621c Pharmacology I - pract. && ZLPA0622c Pathology II - practice && ZLPF0622c Pathophys. II - practice && ZLOR0641c Orthodontics I -pract. && ZLPD0631c Periodontology I - practice
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
At the end of the course student should know how representatives of individual drug classes in the form of individually prepared pharmaceutical preparation and bulk drugs can be prescribed with the special attention paid to preparations used in dentistry. The student should be familiar with pharmacological profiles of therapeutic and adverse effects of particular drugs with an attention paid to common drug-drug interactions.
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course student should know how representatives of individual drug classes in the form of individually prepared pharmaceutical preparation and bulk drugs can be prescribed with the special attention paid to preparations used in dentistry. The student should be familiar with pharmacological profiles of therapeutic and adverse effects of particular drugs with an attention paid to common drug-drug interactions.
Syllabus
  • 1st week
  • Day 1 (MONDAY)
  • 1/ OPIOID ANALGESICS.
  • Analgesics of morphine type. Pharmacotherapy of pain.
  • Prescription of narcotic and psychotropic agents - revision. Special prescription and practical use of analgesic preparations.
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Repetition of the arachidonic acid cascade, effects of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxanes.
  • Day 2 (TUESDAY)
  • 2/ NON-OPIOID ANALGESICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS.
  • Classification, modes of action, topically applied antiinflammatory drugs.
  • Special prescription of antiinflammatory drugs and antipyretics.
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Classification of antimicrobial agents, mechanisms of resistance, mechanisms of effects of antibacterial agents.
  • Day 3 (WEDNESDAY)
  • 3/ ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS.
  • Basic classification. Mechanisms of action.
  • Special prescription of individually prepared and ready made preparations – antibiotics.
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Repetition of types of local anesthesia. Local anesthetics used in dentistry.
  • Day 4 (THURSDAY)
  • 4/ LOCAL AND GENERAL ANAESTHETICS.
  • Overview, classification and mechanisms of action, side effects.
  • Special prescription of local anaesthetics.
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Basic psychic functions, receptors of CNS.
  • Day 5 (FRIDAY)
  • 5/ PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS
  • Classification and terminology of psychotropics. Review of their mechanisms of action.Pharmacology of anxiolytics and hypnosedatives. Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines. Drugs used for premedication and to sedate a patient before surgery.
  • Special prescription of hypnosedatives and psychostimulants, samples of herbal drugs.
  • Video-programme: Benzodiazepines.
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Endocrine function of the pancreas. A mechanism supporting the maintenance of a constant blood glucose level.
  • 2nd week
  • Day 6 (MONDAY)
  • 6/ ANTIDIABETICS. TREATMENT OF TYPE 1 AND 2 DM. INSULINS, ORAL ANTIDIABETICS.
  • Basic classification of insulins and oral antidiabetics. Mechanisms of action, side effects.
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Repetition of physiology of bone metabolism.
  • Day 7 (TUESDAY)
  • 7/ SUBSTANCES AFFECTING BONE METABOLISM. DRUGS USED IN OSTEOPOROSIS.
  • Basic classification, mechanisms of action.
  • Prescribing practice (individually prepared and ready-made preparations).
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Repetition of physiology of adrenal cortex hormones.
  • Day 8 (WEDNESDAY)
  • 8/ GLUCOCORTICOIDS.
  • Overview, mechanism of action, pharmacological use.
  • WRITTEN PRESCRIPTION TEST
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Coagulation cascade.
  • Day 9 (THURSDAY)
  • 9/DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF BLOOD CLOTTING-ANTICOAGULANTS AND THROMBOLYTICS.
  • Classification of drugs affecting haemostasis, mechanisms of action, side effects, overview of drugs.
  • Getting ready for the next lesson: Revision of taught topics (lessons 1 - 9).
  • Day 10 (FRIDAY)
  • 10/ SELECTED CASE REPORTS ON DRUGS FROM PREVIOUS LESSONS.
  • FINAL (CREDIT) TEST OF SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY)
  • Working on PC: Solving case reports.
  • Video-programme: EPS, General anaesthetics.
  • CREDITS
Literature
    required literature
  • NOVÁKOVÁ, Jana, Barbora ONDRÁČKOVÁ and Alexandra ŠULCOVÁ. Základy receptury léčivých přípravků pro praktická cvičení z farmakologie - obor Zubní lékařství. Brno: Multimediální podpora výuky klinických a zdravotnických oborů: Portál Lékařské fakulty Masarykovy univerzity, 2010, 96 pp. ISSN 1801-6103. URL info
  • RITTER, James, R. J. FLOWER, Graeme HENDERSON, Yoon Kong LOKE, David J. MACEWAN and H. P. RANG. Rang and Dale's pharmacology. Ninth edition. Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2020, xvi, 789. ISBN 9780702074486. info
  • Landa Leoš, Jan Juřica, Kristýna Nosková, Ondřej Zendulka: Vybrané kapitoly z obecné farmakologie pro studenty všeobecného a zubního lékařství na LF MU. Multimediální podpora výuky klinických a zdravotnických oborů :: Portál Lékařské fakulty Masarykovy
    recommended literature
  • RANG, H. P., James RITTER, R. J. FLOWER and Graeme HENDERSON. Rang & Dale's pharmacology. Eighth edition. [Edinburgh]: Churchill Livingstone, 2016, xv, 760. ISBN 9780702053627. info
  • ŠVIHOVEC, Jan a kol. Farmakologie, Praha: Grada, 2018. ISBN 978-80-247-5558-8. www.grada.cz/farmakologie-(1)-8687
  • Základy speciální receptury léčivých přípravků, Juřica a kol., 2014, http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-611-zaklady-specialni-receptury-lecivych-pripravku.html
  • Markova farmakoterapie vnitřních nemocí. Edited by Josef Marek - Michal Vrablík. 5., zcela přepracované a d. Praha: Grada, 2019, xxiv, 868. ISBN 9788024750781. info
  • Demlová Regina, Říhová Barbora, Grycová Zuzana, Nerušilová Kateř. Životní cyklus léčiv. MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA LÉKAŘSKÁ FAKULTA, 2014. URL info
    not specified
  • Soubor kazuistik z farmakologie, Zendulka a kol., 2016 http://elportal.cz/publikace/kazuistiky-farmakologie
  • Farmakologie pro studenty bakalářských oborů na LF MU, Máchalová a kol., 2015, http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-644-farmakologie-pro-studenty-bakalarskych-oboru-na-lf-mu.html
  • http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-461-farmakovigilance-a-propagace-leciv.html
  • http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1160493&lang=cs&site=ehost-live
  • http://portal.med.muni.cz/clanek-367-vyzkum-novych-leciv-od-zrodu-k-registraci.html
  • Atlas léčivých rostlin, https://is.muni.cz/auth/do/med/el/lecive_rostliny/atlas.html
  • WHALEN, Karen. Pharmacology. Edited by Richard Finkel - Thomas A. Panavelil. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015, xi, 664. ISBN 9781451191776. info
  • MARTÍNKOVÁ, Jiřina. Farmakologie pro studenty zdravotnických oborů. 2., zcela přeprac. a doplň. Praha: Grada, 2014. ISBN 9788024713564. info
  • DOSTÁLEK, Miroslav, Jan JUŘICA, Eva JANOŠTÍKOVÁ and Lucia ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ. Farmakokinetika (Pharmacokinetics). ČR: Grada, 2006, 220 pp. Farmacie a farmakologie. ISBN 80-247-1464-7. info
Teaching methods
Drug classes specifics from the Syllabus are read firstly by the teacher and presented in video-programmes if available followed by discussion and training of drug prescription with the use of drug compendia. Approaches to "pharmacotherapeutical decisions" are practiced using the special PC programmes. Reports of students on a specific pharmacological topic followed by discussion are also included.
Assessment methods
The participation in practicals is obligatory and registered. Absences from two seminars will be accepted. In order to obtain the credit, it is also necessary to pass 2 written tests: a) 1 of the special prescription of drugs (evaluated individually by the teacher: passed / failed with regard to compliance with formal and content requirements of the prescription and knowledge of basic prescription rules, which are the content of practical exercises) ; for prescriptions of ready-made preparations, students will have at their disposal a Database of registered medicinal drugs, b) 1 multi-sample test of knowledge of the subject matter, which consists of   15 questions offering 1 or more correct answers. The number of correct answers is given in the question entry. Each completely correctly answered question is evaluated with 1 point. To successfully pass the test, it is necessary to achieve 60% of correct answers. Tests can be repeated a maximum of 2 times per semester.
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 30.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses

Zobrazit další předměty

Teacher's information
Information for the students studying in English:

Teaching takes place at the Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, UKB, Kamenice 5, pavilion A19.

In the autumn semester of 2020, teaching is governed by faculty traffic lights, seminars are taught primarily in full-time form, in cases of quarantine of students or teachers, we will use synchronous teaching in online mode, or hybrid teaching by a combination of full-time and synchronous online teaching.

In case of quarantine, the student is obliged to contact the teacher of his seminar group by email (jnovak@med.muni.cz) and agree on the next step.

If the student does not have the possibility of a synchronous online connection to the teaching of seminars through the MS Teams application, he is entitled to 2 absences per semester.

Online participation is considered to be completed attendance at exercises. The information will be updated according to the development of the epidemiological situation.

Office hours of the secretariat daily 13.00 - 14.00, tel .: 54949 3070.

SYLABUS OF REQUIRED SUBSTANCE FOR CREDIT AND PHARMACOLOGICAL TEST

CREDIT PS 2020

IPLP list for recipe test:

EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONS DEALING WITH DRUG PRESCRIPTION:

Prescribe:

Liquid powder against itching

Narrow-spectrum penicillin (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Iodine solution in alcohol for wound dressing

Aminoglycoside preparation (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Local anaesthetic for topical application on mucosal surface in ORL

Oral analgesic preparation containing paracetamol (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Solution of diluted hydrogen peroxide

Spasmolytic drug (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Dusting powder (without the active component)

Non-barbiturate hypnotic drug (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Disinfectant eye drops with adstringent effect

Drug for treatment of hypertension (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Jarisch solution for the foments

Antirheumatic agent (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Local anaesthetic for corneal anaesthesia

Antiemetic drug (ready-made)

Prescribe:

I. v. infusion of 5% glucose solution ­1000 ml

Antitussive agent (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Codeine in drops (orally)

Ointment with corticosteroid (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Expectorant with bronchodilator component

Chemotherapeutic preparation against urinary infections (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Solution of diluted hydrogen peroxide

Ointment with corticosteroid (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Disinfectant eye drops with adstringent effect

Anti-inflammatory oral preparation (ready-made)

Prescribe:

A cough suppressant (opioid derivate) in capsules

Proton pump inhibitor for treatment of peptic ulcer disease(ready-made)

Prescribe:

Morphine for oral administration

Non-salicylate antipyretic preparation (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Anti-tussive/expectorant mixture

Short-acting benzodiazepine hypnotic (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Oral drops with atropine

Antibiotic ointment (ready-made)

Prescribe:

Salicylic acid ointment (3%)

Cardiac glycoside in injections (ready-made)

EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONS ON GENERAL PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES:

Routes of administration - overview, characteristics

Basic pharmacokinetic parameters and processes (overview)

Drug absorption, "first pass" effect

Biovailability of drugs

Drug distribution, volume of distribution

Drug elimination

Drug biotransformation, phases of biotransformation

Effect of environment pH and pKa of drugs on the drug transfer across biological membranes

Enzyme inhibition and induction

Drug excretion

Pharmacokinetics of single, repeated and continous drug administration

Pharmacokinetics of drug oral and parenteral administration

Drug dosage forms - overview and influence on pharmacokinetics

Therapeutic drug monitoring

Dose and effect, types of doses

Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenetic polymorphism

Mechanisms of drug action - overview, non specific mechanisms of drug action

Specific mechanisms of drug action - the target structures, on which the drug act

Adverse drug reactions (types, categories)

Drug receptors theory - types of receptors

Tolerance, tachyphylaxis

Drug addiction

Therapeutic index, therapeutic range

Influence of concomitant diseases on drug effect, polypragmasia

Drug allergy (hypersensitivity), idiosyncrasy

Drug interactions- overview, pharmacokinetic interactions

Drug interactions- overview, pharmacodynamic interactions

Factors influencing the drug effect (related to drug, related to organism)

Pharmacoterapy in pregnancy, drug teratogenicity

Pharmacotherapy in breastfeeding women, in pediatric population

Pharmacoterapy in elderly

Pharmacology, sub-branches, origin of drugs, drug names

Pharmacopoeia

Rational pharmacotherapy, drug anamnesis, compliance

Development of a new drug (Drug life cycle)

Preclinical and clinical evaluation of drugs

Pharmacovigilance

General principles of drug poisoning therapy, specific antidotes and their mechanisms of action

Principles of biological therapy - technology, requirements on the quality, registration, biosimilars

EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONS ON "DRUG CLASSES":

Antimycotics

Antivirotics

Drugs with the topic action used in stomatology - overview

Antiinfective drugs used in stomatology

Disinfectants and antiseptics

Drugs with the topic action - dermatologics, drugs used in ORL

Principles of antibiotic therapy - overview, mechanisms of action, resistance

Antibiotics for topic use

Penicillines

Cephalosporins and other beta-lactams

Aminoglycosides

Macrolides

Sulphonamides

Tetracyclines

Quinolones and nitroimidazoles

Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs + Analgesics - antipyretics

Drugs used in gout

General anaesthetics

Premedications and supplement general anaesthesia, analgosedation, neuroleptanalgesia

Central and peripheral myorelaxants

Ester-type local anaesthetics

Amide-type local anaesthetics

Types and techniques of local anaesthesia

Pharmacoterapy of anaphylactic shock

Antitussives, expectorants

Hypolipidemics, lipid-lowering drugs

Drugs used in heart failure

Histamine H1-blockers

Antiasthmatics

Antihypertensives - overview + ACE inhibitors, sartans, renine antagonists

Antihypertensives - overview + diuretics, alpha1-lytics

Antihypertensives - overview + beta-blockers, central antihypertensives

Antiulcer drugs

Laxatives, antidiarrhoics

Antiemetics, prokinetics

Spasmolytics, digestives

Vitamins AEDK

Hydrophilic vitamins

Psychopharmacs - overview, classification

Hypnosedatives

Antiepileptic drugs

Antipsychotics

Anxiolytics

Antidepressants

Nootropics, drugs affecting cognitive functions

Psychostimulants, hallucinogenic and delirogenic drugs

Antidysrhytmics

Cardiotonics, inotropic drugs

Alkylating cytostatics and other impacts of DNA

Antimetabolites + hormonal therapy in oncology

Bilogical treatment in oncology

Glucocorticoids

Thyroid + anti-thyroid drugs

Drugs used in osteoporosis

Sex hormones - HRT, contraceptives

Uterotonics, tocolytics

Insulins

Antidiabetics for the treatment of type 2 DM

Anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs

Antithrombotics, trombolytics

Opioid analgesics

Drugs causing addiction and pharmacological possibilities of addiction treatment

Drugs affecting ANS - neurotransmission, receptors of ANS, basic overview

Sympathomimetic agents - basic effects and classification - direct sympathomimetics

Sympathomimetic agents - basic effects and classification - indirect sympathomimetics

Sympatholytic agents - basic effects and classification - direct sympatholytics

Sympatholytic agents - basic effects and classification - indirect sympatholytics

Cholinomimetic agents - basic effects and classification - direct cholinomimetics

Cholinomimetic agents - basic effects and classification - indirect cholinomimetics

Cholinolytic agents - basic effects and classification - direct cholinolytics (parasympatholytics, ganglioplegics)

LIST OF GENERIC NAMES –„ESSENTIAL DRUGS“:

pantoprazole

famotidine

atropine

butylscopolamine

fenpiverine, pitofenone

metoclopramide

ondansetron

lactulose

insulin lispro

metformin

glibenclamide

warfarin

enoxaparin

acetylsalicylic acid

digoxin

propafenone

amiodarone

adrenaline

noradrenaline

dopamine

ephedrine, pseudoephedrine

nitroglycerin

methyldopa

clonidine

urapidil

hydrochlorothiazide

furosemide

metoprolol

labetalol

nifedipine

verapamil

enalapril

losartan

atorvastatin

ezetimibe

nystatin

ketoconazole

methylergometrine

hexoprenaline

alfuzosin

oxytocin

dexamethasone

prednisone

doxycycline, chloramphenicol

amoxicillin

phenoxymethylpenicillin

oxacillin

piperacillin, co-piperacillin

cefuroxime

cotrimoxazole

clarithromycin

gentamicin

ciprofloxacin

fluconazole

aciclovir

zidovudine

cyclophosphamide

methotrexate

6-mercaptopurine

5-fluorouracil

paclitaxel

doxorubicin

cisplatin

trastuzumab

tamoxifen

interferon alpha

ibuprofen

diclofenac

indomethacin

nimesulide

suxamethonium

allopurinol

alendronic acid

lidocaine

procaine

trimecaine

articaine

sevoflurane

thiopental

propofol

dihydrocodeine

sufentanil

piritramide

tramadol

paracetamol (acetaminophen)

metamizole

sumatriptan

valproic acid

gabapentin

haloperidol

risperidone

olanzapine

lithium

diazepam

alprazolam

zolpidem

midazolam

escitalopram

amitriptyline

bupropion

methylphenidate

donepezil

physostigmine

methadone

buprenorphine

betahistine

oxymetazoline, xylometazoline

phenylephrine

salbutamol

fenoterol

ipratropium bromide

nedocromil

acetylcysteine

bromhexine

codeine

butamirate

bisulepine

cetirizine

desloratadine

pilocarpine

timolol

tropicamide

The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2007, Autumn 2008, Autumn 2009, Autumn 2010, Autumn 2011, Autumn 2012, Autumn 2013, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2015, Autumn 2016, Autumn 2017, autumn 2018, autumn 2019, autumn 2020, autumn 2021, autumn 2022, autumn 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (autumn 2023, recent)
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