aVLBC0321p Biochemistry I - lecture

Faculty of Medicine
autumn 2022
Extent and Intensity
3/0/0. 3 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).
Teacher(s)
doc. RNDr. Jiří Dostál, CSc. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Eva Táborská, CSc. (lecturer)
doc. RNDr. Josef Tomandl, Ph.D. (lecturer)
MUDr. Michaela Králíková, Ph.D. (assistant)
RNDr. Hana Paulová, CSc. (assistant)
Mgr. Jiří Slanina, Ph.D. (assistant)
Bc. Ivana Ševčíková (assistant)
Mgr. Marie Tomandlová, Ph.D. (assistant)
Guaranteed by
doc. RNDr. Josef Tomandl, Ph.D.
Department of Biochemistry – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Supplier department: Department of Biochemistry – Theoretical Departments – Faculty of Medicine
Timetable
Tue 12:00–13:50 B22/116 aula, Thu 16:00–16:50 B11/114
Prerequisites (in Czech)
aVLBI0222p Medical Biology II - lect. && aVLBF011p Biophysics -lect.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The aim of the course is to obtain knowledge on essential metabolic processes on the cell level. Understanding these processes is a base for comprehension of metabolism on the tissue and organ level. In the introductory lessons are summarized basic terms from chemistry needed for an understanding of body structure physico-chemical processes occurring in it ((chemical composition of the body, survey of biologically important elements, water, electrolytes, non-electrolytes, osmotic pressure, acid-base, redox and precipitation reactions), the following lectures are focused on biochemical pathways in cells.
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course students will:
- understand the meaning of basic chemical terms (pH, osmolality, electrolyte, buffer, etc.) and apply this knowledge when describing the properties of body fluids.
- describe the role of macro-and microbiogenic elements in the organism
- discuss the properties and function of enzymes
- describe basic catabolic and anabolic pathways of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and their relationships.
- understand the principles of energy production, utilization and deposition at the cellular level.
- explain the function of cell membranes and the principle of compartmentalization at the cellular level and the transport processes on the membrane.
- describe protein synthesis, starting with the replication and transcription, translation and post-translational modifications.
- understand the relationship between protein structure and function.
- explain the function of hemoglobin in oxygen transport and maintaining acid-base balance.
- discuss the principles of some diseases at the molecular level.
Syllabus
  • Chemical composition of the human body, biogenic elements. Water (properties, distribution), electrolytes, non-electrolytes, osmolality.
  • Acid-base reactions, pH, buffers, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
  • Bioenergetics (Gibbs energy, high-energy compounds, chemical equilibrium). Introduction to metabolism.
  • Redox reactions (redox potential, Nernst-Peters equation, biological redox systems).
  • Enzymes (classes, nomenclature). Characteristic features, enzyme kinetics, inhibition.
  • Cofactors (overview, functions, relation to vitamins).
  • Three phases of catabolism, citrate cycle, respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Saccharides (structures), saccharides in nutrition, digestion.
  • Metabolism of glucose, transport of glucose into cells, glycolysis (aerobic, anaerobic). Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Gluconeogenesis.
  • Glycogen (synthesis, catabolism).
  • Metabolism of fructose, galactose, lactose. Pentose phosphate pathway. Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans.
  • Lipids and fatty acids (classification, structure). Lipids in nutrition. Lipophilic vitamins.
  • Digestion of lipids, surfactants. Fatty acids (structure, synthesis, catabolism).
  • Triacylglycerols (synthesis and degradation). Ketone bodies (synthesis, catabolism), phospholipids (structural types, synthesis, catabolism).
  • Lipid peroxidation (reactions, products, antioxidants).Eicosanoids (main features of synthesis). Cholesterol (structure, synthesis, regulation, conversions).
  • Bile acids (structure, synthesis, conversions). Calciols (structure, synthesis, conversions).
  • Amino acids (structure, properties). Peptides. Proteins (structure, folding, properties, structure of myosin, collagen, immunoglobulins).
  • Hemoglobin, myoglobin (structure, functions, Bohr effect), hemoglobinopathies.
  • Digestion of proteins, intracellular degradation of proteins.
  • General features in the metabolism of amino acids. Ammonia – sources, transport forms, detoxication.
  • Catabolism of individual amino acids. Congenital disorders of amino acids metabolism.
  • Synthesis of non-essential amino acids.
  • Conversions of amino acids to specialized products (synthesis of biogenic amines, creatine, NO, melanin, iodothyronines, carnosine).
  • Synthesis of heme, porfyrias.
  • Structure of nucleosides and nucleotides, uric acid. Synthesis and catabolism of purine and pyrimidine bases, synthesis of nucleotides.
  • Structure of DNA, replication, repairs.
  • Structure of RNA, transcription and its regulation, processing.
  • Synthesis of proteins, folding. Transport and sorting of proteins, post-translational modifications.
  • Biosynthesis of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans.
Literature
    required literature
  • RODWELL, Victor W., David A. BENDER, Kathleen M. BOTHAM, Peter J. KENNELLY and P. Anthony WEIL. Harper's illustrated biochemistry. Thirty-first edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, x, 789. ISBN 9781260288421. info
    recommended literature
  • LIEBERMAN, Michael and Alisa PEET. Marks' basic medical biochemistry : a clinical approach. Illustrated by Matthew Chansky. 5th edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2018, xii, 1051. ISBN 9781496387721. info
  • VASUDEVAN, D. M., S. SREEKUMARI and Kannan VAIDYANATHAN. Textbook of biochemistry for medical students. Eighth edition. New Delhi: Jaypee The Health Sciences Publisher, 2016, xvi, 718. ISBN 9789385999741. info
  • KOOLMAN, Jan and Klaus-Heinrich ROEHM. Color Atlas of Biochemistry. 3rd ed. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2013. ISBN 978-3-13-100373-7. info
  • RONNER, Peter. Netter's Essential Biochemistry. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2018, 482 pp. ISBN 978-1-929007-63-9. info
Teaching methods
Lectures.
Assessment methods
Students pass to continuing education in next semester without any duty of knowledge checking in this semester.
Language of instruction
English
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Information on completion of the course: successful completion of the course is conditioned by obtaining a credit of the course aVLBC0321s.
The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 45.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2016, Autumn 2017, autumn 2018, autumn 2019, autumn 2020, autumn 2021, autumn 2023, autumn 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (autumn 2022, recent)
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