Printed book

Following the facts stated above, you know now that when you are creating a bibliographic reference, you should use the information from the title page first. If you cannot find the information there, then follow this order: back of the title page, imprint, cover, the rest of the book (browse through the book to see if the respective information is not, for example, in the editorial note, introduction or similar).

Below it is shown from which parts of the book the information for a bibliographic reference were taken, and which model was used to create it. At the very bottom there is a description of how the bibliographic reference was created. Such descriptions are not provided for other examples of documents, but potential specifics of the respective bibliographic reference are explained in commentaries.

Model according to the NLM citation style manual

Campbell A, Gillett G, Jones G. Medical ethics. 4th ed. South Melbourne (AU): Oxford Univ. Press; 2005. xii, 312 p.

The resulting bibliographic reference to a chapter in a printed book

How to create a bibliographic reference

  1. This is a printed book, therefore we found a sample bibliographic reference to a printed book.

  2. In the citation style we read the instructions for individual information carefully and learned that, for example, the information on publication should be written as an abbreviation, the place of publication should be complemented with an abbreviation of a state in round brackets for lesser known cities, and similar.

  3. Next we copied the individual details carefully one after another, while we used the title page as a primary source of information and if the respective detail was not there, we found it on the back of the title page. We thus did not need to consult the cover in order to create the bibliographic reference. Concerning the number of pages, we entered the last numbered page and because there were two pagination systems in the book (Roman and Arabic numerals), we wrote both of them.

  4. When writing the individual details, we were careful to use punctuation exactly according to the model.

  5. According to the instructions we added states to less well-known cities for the place of publication.